Learner Differences and Learning Needs

Which of the following phrases represents the concept of 'person-first' language when describing an individual with a specific condition?

What is the primary distinction between a disability and a handicap?

According to research cited on biases in applying labels, African American students are about how many times more likely than other students to be identified as having an intellectual disability?

What concept did Charles Spearman suggest individuals use to perform any mental test, which he referred to as mental energy?

How does Raymond Cattell and John Horn's theory distinguish between fluid and crystallized intelligence?

Which of the following is NOT one of Howard Gardner's eight identified multiple intelligences?

What type of intelligence in Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory involves the ability to deal effectively with novel situations and find new solutions?

What was the initial problem that led Alfred Binet to develop the first intelligence tests in 1904?

The Flynn effect describes a phenomenon where average scores on standardized IQ tests have been rising over the decades. By about how many points does the average score go up in a decade?

What is the most recent review of learning styles research, as cited in the text, conclude about the utility of classifying students' learning styles?

Richard Mayer's research on the visualizer-verbalizer dimension identifies three facets of visual versus verbal learning. Which of the following is NOT one of those three facets?

What is the main requirement of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) regarding the education of all students with disabilities?

According to IDEA, the Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) is a setting that is as close as possible to what?

Which of the following is NOT a required component of an Individualized Education Program (IEP) as listed in the text?

What is the primary purpose of Section 504 of the Vocational Rehabilitation Act of 1973 in the context of public schools?

Research on learning problems has focused significantly on working memory. What specific difficulty do children with learning disabilities in reading often have related to working memory?

For English-speaking students with learning disabilities, reading difficulties are often related to phonemic awareness. For Chinese speakers, reading disabilities seem to be related to what other type of awareness?

What is the term for the condition where students, after repeated experiences of failure, come to believe they cannot control or improve their own learning and thus become passive?

What percentage of boys ages 3 to 17 in the United States have been diagnosed with ADHD, according to the Centers for Disease Control (2011)?

What is considered the main problem for children labeled with ADHD, according to the consensus of most psychologists today?

Speech disorders are a type of communication disorder. Which two problems are the most common types of speech disorders?

The IDEA definition of emotional disturbance includes several characteristics that adversely affect a child's educational performance. Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics listed in the IDEA definition?

What is a key difference between generalized seizures (once called grand mal) and absence seizures (once called petit mal)?

In the United States, what fraction of children and adolescents ages 6 to 17 have a visual disability serious enough to require special services?

The definition of autism spectrum disorders in the DSM-5 describes children as having communication deficits. Which is NOT one of the examples of communication deficits listed?

What is a primary goal of the Response to Intervention (RTI) process?

In a common three-tiered RTI model, what is the first tier of service and support?

What is the three-part conception of giftedness proposed by Renzulli and Reis?

According to the College of William and Mary's Center for Gifted Education, what IQ score is the threshold for a learner to be considered 'profoundly gifted'?

Terman's classic longitudinal study of gifted individuals found that, as a group, they were which of the following compared to the norm?

What is the term for the teaching approach that moves gifted students quickly through grades or subjects?

Which of the following describes the strategy of curriculum compacting for gifted students?

What does a label, such as a diagnosis of a behavioral disorder, fail to tell a teacher?

The deviation IQ score, which replaced the older mental age formula, tells what about a person's test performance?

What percentage of the general population will earn IQ scores between 85 and 115 on most intelligence tests?

Regarding gender differences in intelligence, on what type of assessments do females tend to perform better, particularly when the assessment is heavily weighted with writing?

What is the current belief among most psychologists regarding the contributions of heredity and environment to differences in intelligence?

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) serves students in thirteen specific categories. According to the 2011-2012 data in Table 4.3, which is the largest category of students served?

For English-speaking students, math disabilities are the second most common problem area after reading. What specific difficulty do some students with math disabilities have with numerals?

If a student's stuttering continues for more than a year, what action should be taken?

The AAIDD definition of intellectual disability requires significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and what other area?

To be diagnosed with an intellectual disability, an individual's IQ score is typically below what number, in addition to having problems with adaptive behavior?

What is transition programming for students with intellectual disabilities?

What percentage of students with cerebral palsy have mild-to-severe intellectual disabilities?

What is a key difference between Asperger syndrome and other autism spectrum disorders, according to the text?

What is the most commonly used word that gifted students in one study used to describe their school experiences?

Adjustment problems seem to be greatest for gifted students at what level of academic ability?

Research indicates that two groups of students are underrepresented in education programs for the gifted. Who are these two groups?

What is the 'Little-Fish-in-a-Big-Pond' effect as it relates to gifted students?

At what age do children generally develop a persistent pattern of inattention or hyperactivity that would lead to an ADHD diagnosis in elementary school?