The Self, Social, and Moral Development

According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, what is the basic conflict that an infant must navigate from birth to 12-18 months?

What is the primary characteristic of the 'rejected withdrawn children' peer category?

In the context of physical development, at what approximate ages do girls typically have their first menstrual period, known as menarche?

What type of aggression is defined as inflicting intentional harm and can take the form of either overt or relational aggression?

According to research reviewed in the chapter, about what percentage of people in the United States suffer from binge eating disorders?

Which level of Urie Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model includes the larger society's values, laws, policies, conventions, and traditions?

Which of Diane Baumrind's parenting styles is characterized by being high in warmth and high in control, setting clear limits but also being responsive and democratic?

According to James Marcia's theory, which identity status describes an adolescent who has explored realistic options and made a personal commitment to them?

What is the primary distinction between self-concept and self-esteem?

At what stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development is a person's judgment based on obeying rules to avoid punishment?

What is the key difference that Larry Nucci identifies between a moral judgment and a social convention?

At about what age do children develop fine-motor skills like tying shoes or fastening buttons, according to the text?

What percentage of cases of child abuse and neglect that are reported each year are confirmed?

According to the text, a peer group that is relatively small, friendship-based, and typically includes peers of the same sex and age who share common interests is known as a:

What does Jonathan Haidt's Social Intuitionist Model of moral psychology propose about the relationship between intuition and reasoning in moral judgments?

Which of the four outcomes for ethnic minority identity, as described by Jean Phinney, involves maintaining ties to both the majority and the minority cultures?

What is the primary psychological challenge that Erikson identifies for the elementary and middle school years (ages 6 to 12)?

According to the text, which of the following is NOT listed as a potential indicator of child abuse?

For early-maturing girls, maturation way ahead of their classmates is often associated with what kind of outcomes?

What percentage of students in a study by Steinberg reported they had cheated on a test within the last year?

According to research on peer relationships, which category of children is described as being almost invisible to their peers and not consistently mentioned as either liked or disliked?

Which stage of William Cross's nigrescence framework is often triggered by an encounter with racism and opens a person's eyes to the reality that race matters in society?

What is the defining characteristic of 'relational aggression'?

The feeling that everyone is watching and analyzing one's behavior, which is characteristic of adolescence, is called what by Elkind?

What is the typical age range when the developmental crisis of 'intimacy versus isolation' occurs, according to Erikson's theory?

Approximately how many hours per week do children aged 6 to 11 spend watching television, making it a significant source of modeling?

Which of Kohlberg's levels of moral reasoning is characterized by taking the expectations of society and laws into account?

What is the term for the emotional bond that forms between people, with the first such bond being between a child and their caregiver?

According to the text, the first two years after a divorce seem to be the most difficult period, and are especially hard for which age group?

Which of the following defines the 'popular antisocial children' peer category?

What does the term 'instrumental aggression' refer to?

At which of Kohlberg's stages do individuals begin to base moral choices on socially agreed-upon standards, such as 'the greatest good for the greatest number'?

What is the term for the process in William Cross's racial identity model that describes the five stages of developing an African American racial identity?

By about age 5, what percentage of students prefer their right hand for most skilled work?

What is the term for a parenting style that is low in warmth and low in control, where parents seem to not care about controlling, communicating, or teaching their children?

By about what age does the feeling of being 'on stage,' or the sense of an imaginary audience, seem to peak in early adolescence?

At about what age do children begin to develop a theory of mind, an understanding that other people have their own minds and thoughts?

Which term describes a state where an adolescent is exploring identity options but has delayed making a commitment to personal or occupational choices?

What does Carol Gilligan's 'ethic of care' propose as an alternative sequence of moral development?

According to the text, research on media and violence has found that what percentage of TV programs in the United States have at least some violence?

What is the primary focus of the first stage of Piaget's theory of moral development, known as moral realism?

Students who are obese are defined as being how much heavier than the average for their age, sex, and body build?

What are the two types of 'caring' that students define in teachers, as identified in the text?

Which of Haidt's moral foundations underlies the concepts of self-sacrifice for the group and patriotism?

What is the key characteristic of Erikson's developmental stage of 'generativity versus stagnation'?

The text discusses three important influences on moral behavior. They are modeling, internalization, and what else?

What percentage of anorexic individuals may literally starve themselves to death, according to the text?

When early-maturing boys engage in more delinquent behavior, this trend is true for which ethnic groups?

What is the chronosystem in Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model?

What percentage of children in divorced families adapt and become reasonably well adjusted over time, according to the text?