Stem Cells in Tissue Homeostasis and Regeneration

What are the two fundamental properties that define all stem cells, allowing them to maintain tissue homeostasis?

In the epithelial lining of the small intestine, where are the dividing cells, including stem cells and progenitor cells, primarily located?

What is the approximate time it takes for a cell born in a mouse intestinal crypt to migrate to the tip of the villus and be discarded?

In the technique of cell lineage tracing using a genetic marker like GFP, what does a persistent, expanding clone of marked cells indicate?

What is the function of satellite cells in human skeletal muscle?

What does the successful reconstitution of the entire hematopoietic system of an irradiated mouse by a single donor cell prove about that cell?

Which of the following cell types is NOT part of the myeloid lineage derived from hematopoietic stem cells?

In tissues like the liver and pancreas, how is the population of differentiated cells like hepatocytes and beta cells normally maintained?

What is the primary function of a stem-cell niche?

In the C. elegans gonad, what mechanism maintains the stem-cell population in the niche formed by the distal tip cell?

Which statement best describes the 'independent-choice' mechanism for stem-cell fate decisions?

What do serial transplantation experiments of hematopoietic stem cells reveal about their function over time?

What is the defining characteristic of neoblasts in planarian flatworms?

Which of the following tissues in adult mammals lacks stem cells and is therefore not renewable?

What is the key difference between a totipotent cell and a pluripotent cell?

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are generated from differentiated adult cells, such as fibroblasts, by forcing the expression of a core set of which type of molecules?

What is a major advantage of using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells for tissue repair in an individual compared to using embryonic stem (ES) cells?

How can cells like fibroblasts be directly converted into heart muscle cells without first becoming iPS cells, in a process known as transdifferentiation?

What is the primary source of cells for regenerating a salamander's amputated limb?

According to the text, what is the approximate fraction of hematopoietic stem cells in the mouse bone marrow population?

What is the role of Paneth cells in the intestinal stem-cell niche?

In the hematopoietic system, progenitor cells that give rise to a large number of all different types of myeloid cells are best described as what?

What is the primary difference between asymmetric and symmetric stem-cell divisions as described in the chapter?

What does a parabiosis experiment, which connects the circulatory systems of a young and an old mouse, allow researchers to investigate?

What is the outcome when a single healthy neoblast is injected into an irradiated, non-regenerative planarian flatworm?

A key principle of developmental biology, confirmed by nuclear transplantation experiments in frogs, is that the nucleus of a differentiated cell contains what?

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from which part of the early mouse embryo?

What happens when undifferentiated ES or iPS cells are implanted into an adult tissue?

The transcription regulator Oct4 is considered an 'ES-critical gene' because its loss from ES cells causes what outcome?

The conversion of a differentiated cell into an iPS cell is described as inefficient and slow, taking 10 or more days. What does this suggest about the transformation process?

How can neural stem cells be cultured and propagated from fragments of fetal mammalian brain tissue?

What is an organoid?

What is the primary role of transit-amplifying cells, also known as progenitor cells?

In the human body, where are the two major branches of the hematopoietic system, the myeloid and lymphoid lineages, primarily generated?

What is the process called when a myelinated mammalian nerve is cut, and the differentiated Schwann cells revert to a proliferating progenitor state?

How many distinct differentiated cell types are specified to make up the body of a planarian flatworm like Schmidtea mediterranea?

What is the consequence of losing the gene for the transcription regulator MyoD in an animal?

What is a major barrier that ES cells must overcome to proliferate indefinitely in culture, a property they share with other stem cells?

In the original experiments generating iPS cells, which of the four OSKM factors enhances the efficiency of the process but is not absolutely necessary?

What is the function of the Lgr5 protein, which serves as a marker for intestinal stem cells?

During the renewal of the epidermis, where are the stem cells and transit-amplifying progenitor cells located?

What is the term for cells that are committed to a differentiation pathway but continue to proliferate for a limited number of divisions?

Why is it advantageous for the hematopoietic system to have a very small number of stem cells and a large number of transit-amplifying progenitors?

When the two daughter cells of a dividing Drosophila testis germ-line stem cell have different fates, what is the primary determining factor?

How long does a single neoblast in a planarian constitute about what percentage of the total cells in the body?

What dramatic change in chromatin is mentioned as a part of the reprogramming of a transplanted nucleus into an oocyte?

How can iPS cells be used to study a human genetic disease like Timothy syndrome in a laboratory setting?

During the multi-day process of reprogramming fibroblasts to iPS cells, what is an early event driven by the Myc transcription factor?

What is the key difference in the regenerative abilities of salamanders versus mammals concerning limb regeneration?

How can the efficiency of reprogramming fibroblasts to iPS cells be substantially increased?