Safety and loss prevention

According to the layers of plant safety model, what is considered the most basic level of plant safety?

What is the lethal dose 50 (LD50) value for chloroform, as provided in the toxicity data table?

What is the upper flammability limit for hydrogen sulfide in air at ambient conditions?

In a Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), what is the term for the overall risk score calculated by multiplying SEV, OCC, and DET?

What is the suggested probability of failure, according to Kletz (1999), for a complex and rapid action required by an operator?

What does the HAZOP guide word 'REVERSE' signify?

According to the Dow Fire and Explosion Index (F&EI) hazard assessment, what degree of hazard corresponds to an F&EI range of 97 to 127?

What is the material factor (MF) for acetylene in the Dow F&EI calculation?

A safety instrumented function (SIF) is required to have a Safety Integrity Level (SIL) of 3. What is the target average probability of failure on demand (PFDav) for this function?

What is the Fatal Accident Frequency Rate (FAFR) for the chemical industry for the period 1978 to 1990?

What is the primary purpose of the pressure-relief device on a vessel according to the text?

Under ASME BPV Code Sec. VIII D.1 rules, what is the maximum pressure a primary relief device must prevent a vessel from exceeding in a non-fire scenario?

What type of explosion results from the release of a considerable quantity of flammable gas or vapor into the atmosphere, followed by ignition?

In a laboratory test, a trip system shows a failure rate (lambda) of 0.2 per year. If the demand rate is once every 2 years and the test interval is 6 months, what is the calculated hazard rate (F) for a single system?

What does the HAZOP guide word 'AS WELL AS' signify in a study?

The OSHA Process Safety Management (PSM) standard requires a hazard analysis for any process involving more than a certain amount of flammable gas or liquid. What is this threshold quantity?

What is the primary characteristic of an intrinsically safe process?

What is the autoignition temperature for pentane, according to the explosivity properties table?

In the suggested FMEA rating scale, what does an Occurrence (OCC) rating of 7 signify?

What is the main purpose of a Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?

According to the text, what is the term for a sudden, catastrophic release of energy that causes a pressure wave?

A Safety Integrity Level (SIL) of 1 corresponds to what target risk reduction factor (DR)?

What is the threshold limit value (TLV) and what does it represent?

What is the lower flammability limit for methane in air?

In a HAZOP study, what does the guide word 'PART OF' signify?

Which United States federal law established the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to regulate chemical substances and allows the EPA to ban or restrict them?

What is the adiabatic flame temperature for Methane in Kelvin, according to the explosivity properties table?

In the context of the Dow F&EI, what is the 'material factor' a measure of?

What is the primary difference between a deflagration and a detonation?

When using the suggested FMEA rating scale, what does a Detection (DET) rating of 10 signify?

What is the typical sound level in dB(A) above which permanent hearing damage can be caused by long exposure?

According to the FAFR data for nonindustrial activities, which activity has a FAFR of 240?

For what purpose are bursting discs often used in conjunction with relief valves?

What is a key requirement of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA)?

What is the expansion factor for Propane, as given in the explosivity properties table?

What is the first step in the procedure for calculating the Dow Fire & Explosion Index (F&EI)?

What is the primary function of flame arresters fitted in vent lines?

In a HAZOP study, how is the term 'Intention' defined?

What is the critical flow pressure ratio for Air, as given in the table of critical flow pressure ratios?

A logic tree that shows the sequence of events leading to a hazardous incident, using AND and OR symbols, is known as what?

In what document can information on incompatible materials for a specific chemical typically be found?

In the suggested FMEA rating scale, which description corresponds to a Severity (SEV) rating of 10?

What is the primary characteristic of electrical equipment classified for use in a Class I, Division 1 location?

The text suggests a guideline for an acceptable level of risk to the public from plant operations, proposed by Kletz (1977b). What is this risk level?

In a process where a primary relief device is protecting a vessel from an external fire, the device must prevent the pressure from rising to more than what level above the MAWP?

What is the LD50 value for Isopropyl alcohol according to the toxicity data?

What is the upper flammability limit for Acetone in air at ambient conditions?

In the five-step review for waste minimization, what is the first and best practice approach?

What type of analysis is described as a systematic procedure for the critical examination of the operability of a process, using guide words to indicate potential hazards from deviations?

What is the material factor (MF) for Nitroglycerine in the Dow F&EI calculation?