Equipment for solids handling

What is the primary purpose of using a floating-roof tank for storing flammable liquids compared to a fixed-roof tank?

According to the provided text, what is the typical application for reciprocating compressors in preference to centrifugal compressors?

What is the primary function of a nonreturn valve in a process line?

For a two-stage compressor with an intercooler, how is the intermediate-stage pressure typically selected to ensure equal work in each stage?

What is the phenomenon known as 'surge' or 'pumping' in centrifugal and axial compressors?

What is the primary power source for the liquid circulation in a thermosiphon reboiler?

What does the term 'Net Positive Suction Head available' (NPSHavail) represent for a pump?

Which design code from the ASME B31 Committee is most commonly used for process piping in chemical plants and oil refineries?

What is the typical use for a Schedule 40 pipe in industrial applications?

When sizing a control valve, what is a common rule of thumb for the pressure drop that should be allowed across it if the system characteristics are not yet known?

What is the primary disadvantage of using steam turbines as drivers for rotating equipment?

A pipeline is constructed from commercial steel pipe with an internal diameter of 225 mm. What is its relative roughness?

What does the term 'rangeability' of a control valve refer to?

When should packed glands be specified for sealing rotating shafts according to the text?

What is the relationship between the Fanning friction factor (Cf) and the friction factor (f) used in the primary pressure drop equation DPf = 8f(L/di)(rho*u^2)/2?

If a fluid is being pumped from a storage tank to a distillation column, what does the 'system curve' represent?

What is cavitation in a pump?

Which type of valve is generally NOT suitable for partial opening to throttle flow?

When calculating pressure drop for gas flow in a pipe, under what condition can the gas be treated as an incompressible fluid?

A pipeline is 120 m long and has a 25 mm internal diameter. The miscellaneous losses are equivalent to 735 pipe diameters. What is the total effective length of the pipe used for the pressure drop calculation?

What is the typical efficiency of a large electric motor with a size greater than 4000 kW?

What is a key advantage of plug valves and ball valves for shut-off applications?

In the economic analysis of pipe sizing, what is the trade-off that determines the most economic pipe diameter?

A liquid chlorine unloading system has a vertical distance of 10 m from the tanker outlet to the pump inlet. The pressure in the tanker is 7 bara (700 kN/m2), the liquid density is 1286 kg/m3, friction loss in the suction piping is 71,703 N/m2, and the vapor pressure is 685 kN/m2. What is the Net Positive Suction Head available (NPSHavail)?

Which type of steam turbine is designed to have its outlet pressure controlled at a level above atmospheric pressure so the discharge steam can be used for process heating?

In what situation are steam-jet ejectors frequently used for producing a vacuum?

What is the primary characteristic of the work done when compressing a gas isothermally?

A process liquid is pumped from a storage tank at atmospheric pressure (1.013 bara) to a distillation column operating at 1.7 bara. The liquid feed point is 1.5 m higher than the tank's liquid level. What is the total static head the pump must overcome?

What is the primary function of incorporating flexibility, such as expansion loops, into piping systems?

According to Rase's expressions for design velocities, what is the recommended velocity for liquid in a pump suction line with an internal diameter (di) in mm?

What is the key advantage of a mechanical seal over a packed gland for sealing a rotating shaft?

If a Mollier diagram is available for a working fluid, how is the ideal isentropic work of compression calculated?

What is the typical normal operating range for the capacity of a diaphragm pump?

In a pipeline connecting two tanks, miscellaneous pressure losses can be estimated as a number of velocity heads. A velocity head is equivalent to what physical quantity?

The pressure drop in a pipe due to friction can be calculated using the equation DPf = 8f(L/di)(rho*u^2)/2. What does the friction factor 'f' depend on?

A tank carrying toluene is unloaded using a pump. The pipeline is 900 m long with a 225 mm internal diameter, and miscellaneous losses are equivalent to 600 pipe diameters. What is the total length of the pipeline used for friction loss calculations?

Why is the selection of a control valve best carried out in concert with pipe sizing and pump design?

What is the formula for the work done (W, in kJ/kg) in an ideal isothermal compression of a gas from pressure P1 to P2?

For which of the following applications would a single-stage, horizontal, overhung centrifugal pump be the most common choice?

Which of these is NOT one of the three main types of steam turbines discussed in the text?

What is the typical head in meters of water for a rotary sliding vane pump?

How is the pressure loss due to a 90-degree standard long elbow typically quantified in terms of equivalent pipe diameters?

What is the primary method for controlling the flow from most centrifugal pumps?

A fluid with a density of 874 kg/m3 and viscosity of 0.62 mNm2s flows at 1.6 m/s through a 225 mm diameter pipe. What is the approximate Reynolds number?

For industrial compressors, the compression path is often approximated by the polytropic expression PV^n = constant. What is the typical range for the polytropic expansion coefficient 'n'?

What does the term 'turndown' of a control valve represent?

What is the absolute roughness in millimeters for drawn tubing?

An engineering firm needs to estimate the safe working pressure for a 4-inch schedule 40 carbon steel pipe. The maximum allowable stress for the material is 11,700 lb/in2. What is the estimated safe working pressure?

In a process plant, where are liquid storage tanks typically located?

What is the defining characteristic of a 'seal-less' or 'canned' pump?