Reading 16: Financial Reporting Standards
50 questions available
Key Points
- Standard-setting bodies (IASB, FASB) make the rules; Regulatory authorities (SEC, FCA) enforce them.
- IOSCO regulates 95 percent of the worlds financial markets but is not a regulatory body itself.
- Key SEC Filings: S-1 (IPO), 10-K (Annual), 10-Q (Quarterly), 8-K (Material Events), DEF-14A (Proxy).
- Form 20-F and 40-F are used by foreign issuers in the U.S.
- Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires management certification of financial statements and internal controls.
Key Points
- Fundamental Characteristics: Relevance and Faithful Representation.
- Enhancing Characteristics: Comparability, Verifiability, Timeliness, Understandability.
- Elements of Financial Position: Assets, Liabilities, Equity.
- Elements of Performance: Income, Expenses.
- Underlying Assumptions: Accrual accounting and Going concern.
- Constraint: Benefit of information must exceed the cost of providing it.
Key Points
- Required statements include Balance Sheet, Income Statement, Cash Flows, Equity Changes, and Notes.
- Financial statements must be prepared on an Accrual basis (except Cash Flows).
- Going concern is a fundamental assumption; if not valid, it must be disclosed.
- No offsetting of assets/liabilities or income/expenses is allowed generally.
- Classified balance sheet (current vs. noncurrent) is standard unless liquidity-based is more relevant.
Questions
According to the IASB Conceptual Framework, what is the primary objective of financial reporting?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following organizations is classified as a standard-setting body rather than a regulatory authority?
View answer and explanationWhich U.S. SEC form is a required annual filing that includes audited financial statements?
View answer and explanationWhat are the two fundamental qualitative characteristics that make financial information useful according to the IASB Conceptual Framework?
View answer and explanationIn the context of the IASB Conceptual Framework, materiality is considered an aspect of which qualitative characteristic?
View answer and explanationWhich element of financial statements is defined as a resource controlled by the entity as a result of past transactions expected to provide future economic benefits?
View answer and explanationUnder IAS No. 1, which basis of accounting is required for preparing financial statements, excluding the statement of cash flows?
View answer and explanationWhich form must a U.S. company file to report significant events such as changes in management or corporate governance?
View answer and explanationWhat is the role of the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO)?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is considered an enhancing qualitative characteristic of financial information?
View answer and explanationWhich measurement base represents the amount the firm would have to pay today to acquire the same asset?
View answer and explanationWhat is the definition of a liability under the IASB Conceptual Framework?
View answer and explanationAccording to IAS No. 1, how often must firms present a complete set of financial statements?
View answer and explanationWhich accounting constraint acknowledges that the value of information to users should exceed the expense of providing it?
View answer and explanationWhich SEC form is used by Canadian companies to file their annual reports in the United States?
View answer and explanationUnder IAS No. 1, offsetting of assets against liabilities is generally:
View answer and explanationWhat defines the 'Going Concern' assumption?
View answer and explanationWhich characteristic requires that financial information be complete, neutral, and free from error?
View answer and explanationA proxy statement filed with the SEC prior to a shareholder vote is known as:
View answer and explanationWhich measurement base involves historical cost adjusted for depreciation, amortization, and impairment?
View answer and explanationThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 prohibits a company's external auditor from:
View answer and explanationWhich qualitative characteristic implies that independent observers using the same methods obtain similar results?
View answer and explanationIncome is defined in the IASB Framework as an increase in economic benefits that results in:
View answer and explanationWhat is the definition of Fair Value?
View answer and explanationForms 3, 4, and 5 filed with the SEC relate to:
View answer and explanationUnder IAS No. 1, which of the following is NOT a required financial statement?
View answer and explanationWhich qualitative characteristic ensures that financial statement presentation is consistent among firms and across time periods?
View answer and explanationThe Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) establishes accounting principles for which jurisdiction?
View answer and explanationWhich SEC filing allows a company to issue securities to qualified buyers without registering them with the SEC?
View answer and explanationAccording to the IASB Conceptual Framework, an item should be recognized in financial statements if:
View answer and explanationWhich measurement base is defined as the discounted value of the asset's expected future cash flows?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is a General Feature of financial statements under IAS No. 1?
View answer and explanationWhat does the 'Accrual Basis' assumption imply for financial statements?
View answer and explanationWhich organization coordinates securities regulation within the European Union?
View answer and explanationThe IASB Conceptual Framework describes 'Expenses' as:
View answer and explanationForm 6-K is the form that non-U.S. companies typically file with the SEC:
View answer and explanationWhich enhancing qualitative characteristic suggests that information should be available to decision makers before it becomes stale?
View answer and explanationWhat does the 'Aggregation' feature in IAS No. 1 imply?
View answer and explanationUnder IAS No. 1, what is the required structure for the balance sheet for most entities?
View answer and explanationTo keep up to date on evolving standards, an analyst should monitor:
View answer and explanationUnder the IASB Framework, 'Equity' is defined as:
View answer and explanationWhich document outlines the qualitative characteristics of financial statements?
View answer and explanationStandard-setting bodies are typically:
View answer and explanationThe 'Understandability' characteristic assumes that users:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following describes the 'No offsetting' feature of IAS No. 1?
View answer and explanationWhat is the primary responsibility of regulatory authorities like the SEC?
View answer and explanationWhich SEC filing is a registration statement filed prior to the sale of new securities to the public?
View answer and explanationAccording to the Conceptual Framework, what aspect of 'Relevance' allows users to confirm prior expectations?
View answer and explanationWhat requirement does the Sarbanes-Oxley Act impose on a company's executive management regarding financial statements?
View answer and explanationWhich organization produces position papers on financial reporting issues through its Centre for Financial Market Integrity?
View answer and explanation