Reading 5: Sampling and Estimation

Which of the following best describes a simple random sample?

In stratified random sampling, how are samples drawn?

Which sampling method involves dividing the population into subsets and assuming each subset is representative of the overall population?

What is the primary difference between one-stage and two-stage cluster sampling?

Which of the following is an example of non-probability sampling?

Sampling error is best defined as:

According to the Central Limit Theorem, the sampling distribution of the sample mean will be approximately normal if:

The Central Limit Theorem states that the mean of the distribution of sample means is equal to:

If a population has a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10, what is the standard error of the sample mean for a sample size of 25?

When the population standard deviation is unknown, the standard error of the sample mean is estimated by:

A sample of 100 observations has a standard deviation of 20. The standard error of the sample mean is:

As the sample size increases, what happens to the standard error of the sample mean?

An estimator is considered unbiased if:

Which property of an estimator refers to having the smallest variance among all unbiased estimators?

A consistent estimator is one where:

A point estimate is best described as:

A confidence interval is constructed using which of the following formulas?

For a normal distribution, the reliability factor for a 90 percent confidence interval is approximately:

The reliability factor for a 95 percent confidence interval using the standard normal distribution is:

A sample of 64 observations has a mean of 20 and a population standard deviation of 4. What is the 95 percent confidence interval for the population mean?

When constructing a confidence interval for the population mean of a normal distribution with unknown variance, which statistic should be used?

The degrees of freedom for a t-statistic calculated from a sample of size n is:

Compared to the standard normal distribution, the Student's t-distribution has:

As the degrees of freedom increase, the Student's t-distribution:

If a population is nonnormal and the variance is unknown, which test statistic is appropriate for a large sample (n > 30)?

If sampling from a nonnormal distribution with unknown variance and a small sample size (n < 30), which test statistic is available?

The Jackknife method of resampling involves:

The Bootstrap method involves:

Data snooping bias occurs when:

Survivorship bias is a form of:

Which bias occurs when a study tests a relationship using sample data that was not available on the test date?

Time-period bias results when:

A mutual fund database that only includes funds currently in existence likely suffers from:

A sample has a mean of 5 percent and a standard deviation of 10 percent. If the sample size is 100, what is the standard error of the sample mean?

With a sample size of 200 and a standard deviation of 20 percent, the standard error is 1.4 percent. If the sample size increases, the standard error will:

In a random sample of 50 items with a known population standard deviation, the standard error is 2. If the sample size is increased to 200, the new standard error will be:

If a confidence interval is 95 percent, the significance level (alpha) is:

Using a z-table, the probability that a standard normal random variable is less than -1.96 is:

For a t-distribution with 29 degrees of freedom, the critical value for a 95 percent confidence interval is 2.045. A sample of 30 has a mean of 2 and a standard deviation of 20. The confidence interval is closest to:

Systematic sampling involves:

Which sampling method is often used in bond indexing to approximate the index without purchasing every bond?

In the context of sampling distributions, the standard error decreases when:

When using the t-distribution, if the degrees of freedom increase, the confidence interval for a given significance level will:

A 99 percent confidence interval using the z-statistic includes the mean plus or minus:

Suppose a researcher tests a trading rule using the same database repeatedly until a significant result is found. This is an example of:

Using a price-to-book ratio based on year-end prices and year-end book values (available months later) to test a trading strategy is an example of:

If a study covers a time period where a fundamental structural change occurred (e.g., changing inflation dynamics), the study may suffer from:

Convenience sampling is best described as:

Which of the following is NOT a desirable property of an estimator?

To calculate the standard error of the sample mean when the population variance is known, one divides the population standard deviation by: