Equity Valuation: Concepts and Basic Tools
50 questions available
Key Points
- Undervalued: Market Price < Intrinsic Value.
- Overvalued: Market Price > Intrinsic Value.
- DCF models use present value of future cash flows (dividends or FCFE).
- Multiplier models use price or enterprise value relative to a fundamental metric.
- Asset-based models focus on the net asset value (Assets - Liabilities).
Key Points
- Stock splits and stock dividends do not change total shareholder wealth.
- Chronology: Declaration -> Ex-Dividend -> Record -> Payment.
- To receive a dividend, one must buy the stock before the ex-dividend date.
- Share repurchases are an alternative to cash dividends, reducing share count.
Key Points
- DDM Fundamental: Value = PV of expected future dividends.
- GGM Formula: V0 = D1 / (Ke - g).
- GGM requires Ke > g and constant growth.
- Preferred Stock Value = Fixed Dividend / Required Return.
- Sustainable Growth Rate (g) = ROE * Retention Rate (b).
Key Points
- Justified P/E is derived from fundamentals (e.g., GGM).
- Enterprise Value (EV) captures the value of the whole firm to all capital providers.
- EV Formula: Equity + Debt + Preferred - Cash.
- DCF is sensitive to estimates; Multiples rely on comparability.
- Asset-based valuation is difficult for firms with significant intangible assets.
Questions
An equity security is considered undervalued when:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following conditions is necessary for an investor to profit from buying an undervalued security?
View answer and explanationWhich category of valuation models estimates value as the present value of cash distributed to shareholders?
View answer and explanationThe payment of a stock dividend results in which of the following for a shareholder?
View answer and explanationRegarding dividend chronology, which date is the first day a buyer of the stock will NOT receive the upcoming dividend?
View answer and explanationA company declares a dividend. The holder of record date is set as Friday, March 16. The ex-dividend date is likely:
View answer and explanationIn a one-year holding period Dividend Discount Model (DDM), the value of the stock today is calculated as:
View answer and explanationThe Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE) model differs from the DDM in that it uses:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is a key assumption of the Gordon Growth Model (GGM)?
View answer and explanationIn the Gordon Growth Model, if the required rate of return (Ke) is less than the dividend growth rate (g):
View answer and explanationPreferred stock which pays a fixed dividend forever is typically valued using:
View answer and explanationCalculate the value of a preferred stock that pays an annual dividend of 5.00 currency units and has a required rate of return of 8 percent.
View answer and explanationUsing the Gordon Growth Model, calculate the value of a stock with an expected dividend next year (D1) of 2.00, a required return of 10 percent, and a growth rate of 5 percent.
View answer and explanationIf a company retains more earnings to invest in high-growth projects, what is the 'dividend displacement of earnings' effect?
View answer and explanationWhich valuation model is most appropriate for a company experiencing a temporary high-growth phase followed by a stable growth phase?
View answer and explanationA 'Trailing P/E' multiple is calculated using:
View answer and explanationThe 'Justified Leading P/E' can be derived from the Gordon Growth Model as:
View answer and explanationEnterprise Value (EV) is defined as:
View answer and explanationWhich multiple is most commonly used with Enterprise Value?
View answer and explanationAn asset-based valuation model estimates the value of equity as:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is a disadvantage of Asset-Based Valuation models?
View answer and explanationA share repurchase is financially equivalent to a cash dividend if:
View answer and explanationIn the context of the Gordon Growth Model, the variable 'g' represents:
View answer and explanationIf a company has a Return on Equity (ROE) of 15 percent and a dividend payout ratio of 40 percent, its sustainable growth rate (g) is:
View answer and explanationA 'reverse stock split' will result in:
View answer and explanationThe Price-to-Sales (P/S) ratio is often useful when:
View answer and explanationCalculate the Enterprise Value (EV) given: Equity Market Cap = 1000, Debt = 400, Cash = 100.
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is an advantage of Multiplier Models?
View answer and explanationThe two-stage DDM is best suited for a company that:
View answer and explanationWhen using the Price-to-Book (P/B) ratio, 'Book Value' refers to:
View answer and explanationCalculate the stock value using GGM: D0 = 1.00, g = 5 percent, Required Return = 10 percent.
View answer and explanationIf a company repurchases shares, what is the likely immediate effect on Earnings Per Share (EPS), assuming net income stays constant?
View answer and explanationWhy might an analyst use P/CF (Price to Cash Flow) instead of P/E?
View answer and explanationA 'Special Dividend' is best described as:
View answer and explanationIf a stock's market price is 50 and its leading P/E is 10, what are the expected earnings per share (E1)?
View answer and explanationThe 'Dividend Displacement of Earnings' suggests that:
View answer and explanationWhich date determines the specific shareholders who are entitled to receive a declared dividend?
View answer and explanationWhat happens to the price of a stock on the ex-dividend date, all else equal?
View answer and explanationIn a 3-stage DDM, the third stage usually represents:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is a limitation of the Price-to-Earnings (P/E) ratio?
View answer and explanationA key advantage of using Enterprise Value multiples over Price multiples is:
View answer and explanationIn the context of asset-based valuation, 'intangible assets' like brand reputation are:
View answer and explanationWhich term describes a stock dividend that is paid out of shares the company holds in its treasury?
View answer and explanationIf the risk-free rate increases, assuming all else constant, the value of a stock in the Gordon Growth Model will:
View answer and explanationThe 'Law of One Price' is the economic principle underlying which valuation method?
View answer and explanationFor a company with no current dividends but expected future dividends, which model is most appropriate?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following describes 'Alpha' in the context of equity valuation?
View answer and explanationA 'Control Premium' might be relevant when:
View answer and explanationIf a company's P/E ratio is 15 and the industry average is 20, the company is potentially:
View answer and explanationWhat is the primary determinant of intrinsic value in the Dividend Discount Model?
View answer and explanation