Yield and Yield Spread Measures for Floating-Rate Instruments
50 questions available
Key Points
- FRN coupons = Reference Rate + Quoted Margin.
- Price is stable because coupons reset to market conditions.
- Quoted Margin (QM) is fixed; Required Margin (RM) changes with credit risk.
- QM > RM implies Premium; QM < RM implies Discount.
- Interest is typically paid in arrears.
Key Points
- Money market yields are annualized but not compounded.
- Discount Rate (DR): Based on Face Value, usually 360 days.
- Add-on Rate (AOR): Based on Principal/Price, usually 365 days.
- DR equation: PV = FV * (1 - DR * Days/360).
- AOR equation: FV = PV * (1 + AOR * Days/Year).
Key Points
- Compare instruments by converting to BEY.
- Step 1: Calculate purchase price or redemption value.
- Step 2: Calculate profit percentage on invested amount.
- Step 3: Annualize using a 365-day year.
- Discount rates generally understate the effective yield compared to add-on rates.
Questions
What is the primary characteristic of the coupon payments for a floating-rate note (FRN)?
View answer and explanationIn the context of floating-rate notes, what is the 'Quoted Margin'?
View answer and explanationIf the Quoted Margin (QM) on a floating-rate note is greater than the Required Margin (RM) demanded by investors, how will the bond trade?
View answer and explanationA floating-rate note pays a coupon of MRR + 150 basis points. If the market's required margin for this issuer is currently 200 basis points, the bond is likely trading at:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following typically characterizes money market instruments?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following money market instruments is typically quoted on a discount rate basis?
View answer and explanationA 180-day Commercial Paper has a face value of 1,000,000 USD and is quoted at a discount rate of 4 percent based on a 360-day year. What is the issue price?
View answer and explanationConsider a 90-day Certificate of Deposit (CD) with a principal of 5,000,000 USD quoted at an add-on rate of 3 percent using a 365-day year. What is the redemption value at maturity?
View answer and explanationHow do bond yields differ from money market yields regarding compounding?
View answer and explanationAn investor holds a 180-day T-bill quoted at a discount rate of 2 percent (360-day year). What is the bond equivalent yield (BEY)?
View answer and explanationWhy do floating-rate notes (FRNs) generally have stable prices?
View answer and explanationAssume a 2-year FRN pays MRR + 2.5 percent. The current MRR is 3 percent, and the margin required by investors is 3.5 percent. What will happen to the price of the FRN?
View answer and explanationWhich term describes the interest payment structure where the rate is determined at the beginning of the period but paid at the end?
View answer and explanationIf a firm has improved its creditworthiness significantly since issuing a floating-rate note, how does the Quoted Margin compare to the Required Margin?
View answer and explanationCalculate the price of a 180-day T-bill quoted at a discount rate of 3.5 percent (360-day year) with a face value of 100,000 EUR.
View answer and explanationWhat does an 'Add-on Rate' quote of 4 percent for a 365-day year imply for a 100 USD loan over one year?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following conventions is most common for United States Treasury bills?
View answer and explanationTo compare a 90-day commercial paper quoted at a discount rate (360-day) with a 90-day CD quoted at an add-on rate (365-day), an analyst should convert:
View answer and explanationA bond has a Quoted Margin of 100 bps. The market requires a 125 bps margin. The Reference Rate (MRR) is 4 percent. What is the approximate coupon rate?
View answer and explanationCalculate the add-on rate (AOR) for a 365-day year given a 90-day holding period return of 2 percent.
View answer and explanationA certificate of deposit (CD) is issued for 10 million USD for 60 days at an add-on rate of 2.5 percent (365-day year). What is the total interest paid?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following best describes the 'Amount' in the formula for a Discount Rate quote?
View answer and explanationWhy might a Commercial Paper rate converted to a Bond Equivalent Yield (BEY) be higher than its quoted Discount Rate?
View answer and explanationCalculate the Discount Rate (360-day basis) for a T-bill purchased at 98.50 with 90 days to maturity (Face Value = 100).
View answer and explanationIf a floating-rate note typically has a periodicity of 2 (semiannual), what does this imply for its yield calculation?
View answer and explanationWhen comparing two money market instruments, why might an analyst prefer the one with the lower quoted rate?
View answer and explanationInstrument A is a 90-day T-bill quoted at 2 percent discount (360-day). Instrument B is a 90-day CD quoted at 2.05 percent add-on (365-day). Which offers the higher Bond Equivalent Yield?
View answer and explanationWhat is the primary reason quoted margins on FRNs might differ from required margins?
View answer and explanationCalculate the price of a 60-day commercial paper with a face value of 1,000,000 USD and a discount rate of 5 percent (360-day year).
View answer and explanationA Money Market yield quoted on an add-on basis is 4.5 percent (360-day year). Convert this to a Bond Equivalent Yield (BEY) for a 120-day instrument.
View answer and explanationWhich factor would most likely result in a negative Quoted Margin on an FRN?
View answer and explanationWhat is the effective annual rate (EAR) of a money market instrument with a periodicity of 1?
View answer and explanationAn FRN pays MRR + 50bps. If the MRR remains constant but the issuer's credit rating is downgraded, what happens to the Discount Margin (Required Margin)?
View answer and explanationIf a bond's quoted price is 98.00 and it has accrued interest of 1.50, what is the 'Full Price' paid by the buyer?
View answer and explanationWhich yield curve shape usually exists when a money market discount rate is significantly lower than the bond equivalent yield?
View answer and explanationIf an investor purchases a 180-day Bankers' Acceptance quoted at 3.0 percent discount (360-day), what is the effective annual yield (assuming 365-day year for compounding)?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following describes 'Bond Equivalent Yield' for a money market instrument?
View answer and explanationFor a Floating Rate Note, if the reference rate is 3 percent and the quoted margin is 50 basis points, what is the coupon payment for a period of 180 days on a 1,000,000 USD face value (assuming 360-day convention)?
View answer and explanationWhy is the 360-day year convention often used in money markets?
View answer and explanationA 90-day T-bill is quoted at 2.40 percent discount. What is the purchase price for 1,000 face value?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following instruments is generally quoted on an add-on rate basis?
View answer and explanationCalculate the holding period return (HPR) for a 180-day T-bill purchased at 980 and maturing at 1000.
View answer and explanationIf a Repo rate is quoted at 3.0 percent for 7 days (360-day year), what is the repayment amount on 10,000,000 USD?
View answer and explanationWhat happens to the price of a 'floater' (FRN) on a reset date if the credit quality of the issuer is unchanged?
View answer and explanationConvert a 2.50 percent discount rate (360-day) on a 180-day instrument to an Add-on Rate (360-day).
View answer and explanationThe 'periodicity' of a standard US government bond yield is:
View answer and explanationWhat does a Quoted Margin of 'MRR + 0 bps' imply?
View answer and explanationUsing a 365-day year, calculate the discount rate for a bill with 182 days to maturity priced at 97.50.
View answer and explanationWhich instrument's quoted 'amount' usually refers to the face value paid at maturity?
View answer and explanationIf a bond trades at a quoted price of 99.00 and the par value is 1,000, what is the flat price in currency terms?
View answer and explanation