Reading 40: Fixed-Income Markets: Issuance, Trading, and Funding
50 questions available
Key Points
- Investment grade bonds are rated Baa3/BBB- or above.
- Money market securities mature in one year or less.
- Eurobonds are issued outside the jurisdiction of any one country.
- Floating-rate notes reference rates like LIBOR or SOFR.
Key Points
- Underwritten offerings transfer risk to the investment bank.
- Auctions are primarily used for sovereign debt.
- Secondary trading occurs mostly in dealer markets.
- Settlement conventions vary by bond type.
Key Points
- Sovereign bonds are generally considered free of default risk in their own currency.
- Commercial paper is short-term, unsecured corporate debt.
- Rollover risk is the risk of being unable to refinance maturing paper.
- MTNs allow issuers to tailor debt to investor needs.
Key Points
- Credit-linked notes provide yield enhancement.
- Capital protected instruments guarantee a minimum payment.
- Inverse floaters have coupon rates that move inversely to reference rates.
- Participation instruments track underlying asset returns.
Key Points
- Repos are short-term collateralized borrowing.
- The repo rate is the annualized interest cost.
- Repo margin (haircut) is the difference between market value and loan amount.
- Reverse repos involve lending funds by buying collateral.
Questions
Which of the following bonds is most likely considered an investment grade bond?
View answer and explanationWhich securities are classified as money market securities?
View answer and explanationA bond issued by a Chinese firm, denominated in yuan, and traded in markets outside of Japan and China is most accurately described as a:
View answer and explanationIn a primary market transaction, which offering method involves the investment bank purchasing the entire bond issue from the issuer?
View answer and explanationTrading on a 'when issued' basis occurs in which market?
View answer and explanationThe settlement cycle for corporate bonds is typically:
View answer and explanationSovereign bonds with the highest credit ratings are usually backed by:
View answer and explanationWhich type of bond is issued by entities such as the World Bank or the IMF?
View answer and explanationA loan funded by a group of banks rather than a single bank is called a:
View answer and explanationIn the United States, commercial paper typically has a maturity of:
View answer and explanationThe risk that a company will be unable to sell new commercial paper to replace maturing paper is known as:
View answer and explanationCalculate the price of a 240-day commercial paper with a discount yield of 1.35 percent and a face value of 100.
View answer and explanationMedium-term notes (MTNs) are best described as:
View answer and explanationA structured financial instrument that pays a return based on a credit event, such as a downgrade or default, is known as a:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is a yield enhancement instrument?
View answer and explanationA structured security combining a zero-coupon bond and a call option on a stock index is most likely a:
View answer and explanationFor a floating-rate note, the coupon payments are typically based on:
View answer and explanationAn inverse floater has a coupon rate that:
View answer and explanationA deleveraged inverse floater has a coupon leverage multiplier:
View answer and explanationBanks often borrow excess reserves from other banks in the:
View answer and explanationNegotiable certificates of deposit (CDs) are typically:
View answer and explanationA repurchase agreement where the borrower sells a security and agrees to buy it back at a higher price is effectively a:
View answer and explanationIf a bond is sold for 940,000 and repurchased for 947,050 after 90 days, the repo rate is closest to:
View answer and explanationThe 'repo margin' or 'haircut' is defined as:
View answer and explanationWhich factor would result in a lower repo rate?
View answer and explanationA 'reverse repo' refers to:
View answer and explanationA bond issued by a local government entity, such as a city or county, is classified as a:
View answer and explanationThe spread between bid and ask prices is typically narrower for:
View answer and explanationOn-the-run bonds are:
View answer and explanationA 'shelf registration' allows an issuer to:
View answer and explanationIn an underwritten offering, the risk that the entire issue is not sold is borne by the:
View answer and explanationLIBOR is being replaced by market-determined rates such as:
View answer and explanationA serial bond issue is best described as an issue where:
View answer and explanationMost secondary market trading of bonds takes place in:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is an example of an internal credit enhancement?
View answer and explanationTypically, the settlement for government bonds occurs on:
View answer and explanationA 'tender offer' in the bond market refers to:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following bonds are considered essentially free of default risk?
View answer and explanationAgency bonds in the United States are issued by:
View answer and explanationIf a repo margin is 5 percent, and the loan amount is 1,000,000, the collateral value is closest to:
View answer and explanationA bridge financing loan is best described as:
View answer and explanationCommercial paper issuers typically maintain backup lines of credit to:
View answer and explanationA guarantee certificate is an example of a:
View answer and explanationCustomer deposits at a bank are a form of:
View answer and explanationWhich factor would increase the repo margin (haircut)?
View answer and explanationThe reference rate for floating-rate bonds should match the bond's:
View answer and explanationA 'best efforts' offering implies that the investment bank:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is true regarding 'benchmark bonds'?
View answer and explanationIn a leveraged inverse floater, the change in the coupon rate is:
View answer and explanationCentral bank funds rates refer to rates for:
View answer and explanation