Models of Abnormality

According to the biological model, what is the primary cause of abnormal behavior?

Approximately how many nerve cells, or neurons, is the human brain made up of?

Huntington's disease, a disorder marked by violent emotional outbursts and memory loss, has been traced to a loss of cells in which two areas of the brain?

During times of stress, the adrenal glands secrete which hormone that has been tied to anxiety and mood disorders?

Approximately how many genes, which are segments that control inherited traits, does each human cell contain?

In electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), what range of electrical current is passed briefly through the brain to cause a seizure?

According to Sigmund Freud's model of personality, the id operates in accordance with which principle?

Which ego defense mechanism involves a person avoiding anxiety by not allowing painful or dangerous thoughts to become conscious?

According to Freud's developmental stages, a person who becomes fixated at the oral stage due to unmet needs may be particularly prone to develop which disorder?

What do object relations theorists propose is the primary motivating force in human behavior?

In psychodynamic therapy, what term is used for the redirection toward the therapist of feelings associated with important figures in a patient's life?

Which model of abnormality began in laboratories where psychologists were running experiments on conditioning?

In Ivan Pavlov's classic experiment with dogs, what was the conditioned stimulus (CS)?

In a well-known study by Albert Bandura, children learned to abuse a doll by observing an adult hit it. This study demonstrated which form of learning?

According to Albert Ellis, what are the inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs that lead people to act and react in inappropriate ways called?

According to a survey mentioned in the text, what percentage of today's clinical psychologists identify their approach as mainly behavioral?

Which model posits that human beings are born with a natural tendency to be friendly, cooperative, and constructive, and are driven to fulfill their potential for goodness and growth?

In Carl Rogers's humanistic theory, what term describes the standards that tell people they are lovable and acceptable only when they conform to certain guidelines?

The family-social perspective argues that clinicians should concentrate on broad forces that operate on an individual. Which of the following is NOT one of the three factors they pay particular attention to?

In David Rosenhan's famous study 'On Being Sane in Insane Places,' what single complaint did his eight 'pseudopatients' present at various mental hospitals?

According to family systems theory, a family structure in which members are grossly overinvolved in each other's activities, thoughts, and feelings is described as what?

Which type of prevention, as part of community mental health treatment, consists of efforts to improve community attitudes and policies with the goal of preventing psychological disorders altogether?

According to recent surveys mentioned in the chapter, people with low annual incomes (below twenty thousand dollars) have a greater risk of experiencing mental disorders than those with higher incomes (above seventy thousand dollars). In the case of severe anxiety, what is the percentage of low-income people who experience it compared to high-income people?

What is the term for the set of explanations that attribute the cause of abnormality to an interaction of genetic, biological, developmental, emotional, behavioral, cognitive, social, and societal influences?

According to the diathesis-stress model, what two factors must combine for a disorder to develop?

In a survey of clinical psychologists, what percentage described their therapeutic approach as 'eclectic' or 'integrative'?

What is the tiny space between the nerve ending of one neuron and the dendrite of another, across which neurotransmitters travel?

Which form of biological treatment involves the surgical cutting of connections between the brain's frontal lobes and lower regions of the brain?

According to Freud, which of the three central forces that shape personality grows from the ego and unconsciously adopts parents' values to form a conscience?

In the psychodynamic model, what is the term for a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development?

What is the central focus of the behavioral model of abnormality?

Which therapeutic technique, often used for phobias, involves creating a list of feared situations from least to most dreaded?

New-wave cognitive therapies, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), differ from traditional cognitive therapies by helping clients to do what with their problematic thoughts?

Frederick (Fritz) Perls developed which humanistic approach to therapy?

What percentage of clinical psychologists, social workers, and counseling psychologists report employing the client-centered approach developed by Carl Rogers?

According to the 'Between the Lines' box titled 'Whose Brain Has the Most Neurons?', which of the listed animals has the most neurons?

According to the 'Between the Lines' box titled 'Whose Brain Has the Most Neurons?', what is the estimated number of neurons in an ant?

A self-help group differs from a group therapy format primarily in what way?

What is a central limitation of the sociocultural model mentioned in the text?

In the summary chart 'Comparing the Models', how is the research support for the Humanistic and Existential models rated?

Which model of abnormality is associated with the technique of skillful frustration, where therapists refuse to meet their clients' expectations or demands?

What percentage of men and women, respectively, are reported to have had the common dream of 'Being chased or pursued, not injured'?

The belief that abnormality results from the interaction of a predisposition and exposure to episodes of severe stress is known as the what?

According to the summary chart 'Comparing the Models', which model views the therapist's role as that of a 'Teacher'?

According to research presented in the chapter, what is the approximate cost to bring a newly discovered drug to market in the United States?

A psychodynamic therapist who argues that therapists are key figures in the lives of patients and should disclose their own reactions and beliefs to establish a more equal relationship is practicing what?

Which of the following is NOT one of the three qualities a client-centered therapist must display to create a supportive climate?

A therapist who helps a client change both counterproductive behaviors and dysfunctional ways of thinking is using which type of therapy?

What is the definition of a model, or paradigm, as used in the science of abnormal psychology?

According to the evolutionary perspective within the biological model, the capacity to experience fear has survived over time because it was what?

What type of therapy format involves a therapist meeting with all members of a family to point out problem behaviors and interactions and help the whole family change its ways?