Communication and Perception

What is the three-step process of perception?

In the context of selecting information for perception, what is salience?

What are the three common ways we sort and categorize information based on innate and learned cognitive patterns?

What are schemata, as described in the interpretation phase of the perception process?

When we connect the cause of a person's behavior to their personality traits, what type of attribution are we making?

What is the fundamental attribution error?

A student who blames a bad grade on an unfair professor but attributes a good grade to their own intelligence is demonstrating which perceptual error?

What is the difference between the primacy effect and the recency effect in impression formation?

When an initial positive perception of someone leads us to view their later interactions and behaviors as positive, we are experiencing what effect?

What is the concept of 'self-concept'?

The 'looking-glass self' explains that we form our self-concept based on what?

According to social comparison theory, what are the two dimensions on which we base our descriptions and evaluations of ourselves?

What is the primary difference between self-concept and self-esteem?

In self-discrepancy theory, which self consists of the attributes that you or someone else believes you should possess?

According to self-discrepancy theory, a mismatch between our actual self and our own ideals leads to what feelings?

What is self-presentation?

What are the two main types of self-presentation strategies discussed in the text?

What is the primary goal of prosocial self-presentation?

What is the term for thought and action patterns in which a person’s false belief triggers a behavior that makes the initial false belief actually or seemingly come true?

Perception checking is a strategy that involves three steps. What is the first step?

What is the definition of stereotypes as they relate to perception?

What is the definition of prejudice as a barrier to perceiving others?

The structuring of information into a timeline to determine the cause and effect of communication interactions is known as what?

Research has shown that people can accurately predict election outcomes based on judgments of a candidate's competence after how much exposure to their face?

Which of the 'Big Five' personality traits refers to a person's interest in interacting with others?

Which of the 'Big Five' personality traits refers to a person's level of self-organization and motivation?

The concept of 'assumed similarity' refers to what tendency?

What is self-efficacy?

According to the text, research on media representations of body weight found that what percentage of prime-time characters are overweight?

What does it mean to avoid reliance on rigid schema to improve self-perception?

In the example of Linda and Joe's conflict over a work project, their different views on when the conflict started is an issue of what perceptual concept?

Which of the 'Big Five' personality traits refers to a person's level of negative thoughts about themself, often perceived as instability?

What is the primary way that people with high agreeableness are described?

In self-discrepancy theory, a conflict between your 'actual self' and your 'others' ought' self leads to what feelings?

What is a key strategy for improving perception of others mentioned in the chapter?

According to the text, what is the 'model minority' stereotype?

What is the third and final step of the perception checking process?

How do Western countries like the United States typically differ from countries like Japan regarding the self-enhancement bias?

In the interpretation stage of perception, my friend's mother, who is Vietnamese American, being mistaken for a hotel worker at a conference is an example of an impression formed based on what organizing principle?

The text explains that men are more likely to describe themselves in terms of group membership, while women are more likely to include what in their self-descriptions?

Why might a person engage in self-serving self-presentation?

Which of the following is an example of the organizing principle of proximity?

What is the primary characteristic of people with high openness, according to the 'Big Five' model?

The 'culture of lack' perpetuated by advertising encourages people to engage in what perceptual activity?

According to the text, a potential problem with extrinsic motivation like praise is that it can diminish what?

What term refers to the judgments we make about our self-concept?

Which of the following would be an example of a self-serving self-presentation strategy?

In the example from Section 2.1 about reading a misspelled sentence, our ability to read it correctly despite the errors illustrates that our perception is based on what?

What are the two tips mentioned in Section 2.1 to help avoid proofreading errors?

When we try to improve our self-perception by changing our behavior, why might we encounter resistance from significant others?