Genome Structure

What is the typical structure of the genome in a prokaryotic organism like a bacterium?

What is the approximate size of the E. coli genome in megabase pairs (Mbp)?

What percentage of a typical bacterial genome may consist of coding sequences?

What are the additional, extra-chromosomal DNA molecules that bacteria may harbor, which are typically circular and smaller than the main chromosome?

The exchange of which genetic element among bacterial cells can play a significant role in the spread of antibiotic resistance?

What term describes the number of copies of each chromosome an organism typically has in its genome?

How many nuclear chromosomes are typically found in each somatic cell of a human?

What is the definition of a diploid organism?

In a diploid organism, what is the term for the pair of chromosomes that are very similar to one another in structure and sequence?

What term describes a cell or individual organism that has an extra or missing portion of its genome compared to what is expected for that species?

In humans, where the diploid number of chromosomes is 46 (2n=46), what is the value of 'n', the number of chromosomes in a single, haploid copy of the genome?

What is the relationship between organism complexity, genome size, number of genes, and number of chromosomes?

What is a karyotype?

How would the karyotype of a male with Down syndrome, who has an extra copy of chromosome 21, be written?

What does Giemsa staining produce on chromosomes, which can be used to identify them?

In a human karyogram, what are the non-sex chromosomes, numbered 1-22, called?

According to the chapter, what is the convention for the short arm of a chromosome in an ideogram?

What is the approximate gene density in the human genome, measured in base pairs per gene?

Approximately what percentage of the human genome consists of protein-coding gene sequences?

What are SINEs and LINEs, which make up a significant portion of the human genome?

The most common SINE in the human genome, which is about 300 base pairs long and has over a million copies, is known as the what sequence?

What is the approximate length of the most common human LINE, known as LINE1?

In a diploid organism with a diploid number of 40 (2n=40), what is the haploid number (n)?

What is a karyogram?

What is the primary characteristic of DNA regions that appear as dark bands after Giemsa staining?

What is the exception to the rule of arranging human chromosomes from largest to smallest in a karyogram?

What is an ideogram in the context of genetics?

What was the former belief about the function of repetitive DNA like SINEs and LINEs in eukaryotic genomes?

The fusion of a haploid sperm and a haploid egg results in the formation of what type of cell?

Based on the data in Table 1, which organism has the largest approximate number of genes?

How much of the human genome is composed of short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs)?

How much of the human genome is composed of long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs)?

What is the primary structural difference between eukaryotic chromosomes and prokaryotic chromosomes?

What is the term for the copies of a chromosome in a diploid organism that are very similar in structure and sequence but not necessarily identical?

Which technique for visualizing chromosomes involves staining them with different combinations of fluorescent molecules to give each pair a unique color?

In a human karyogram, the sex chromosomes are typically placed where?

In the standard notation for describing a location on a chromosome, such as 12q13.11, what does the 'q' represent?

The majority of the human genome is not protein-coding sequence. What is a major component of this non-coding DNA?

What is the term for an organism that has one copy of each chromosome?

Why are organisms with an odd number of chromosome sets, like triploid bananas, often sterile?

Based on the information in Table 1, which organism listed has the smallest number of nuclear chromosomes in its haploid genome?

What does the term 'transposable element' refer to?

In addition to their nuclear genome, what other organelle in human cells houses its own DNA?

Are most of the SINEs and LINEs currently in the human genome mobile?

What is the primary difference in gene density between prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes?

A tetraploid organism has how many copies of each chromosome?

How are bacterial genomes typically different from bacterial plasmids?

Based on the information in Table 1, approximately how many times larger is the human haploid genome than the fruit fly haploid genome in terms of base pairs?

What does a karyotype notation like '47, XXX' describe?

What is the primary function of extra-chromosomal plasmids in the context of bacterial survival and evolution?