Introduction

What are the two primary objectives of systems designed by electrical engineers?

What is the term for the subdivision of electrical engineering that is concerned with information-bearing electrical signals, often with the objective of extracting useful information from them?

What is the electrical current i(t) if the charge q(t) passing through a circuit element is given by q(t) = 2 - 2e^(-100t) C for t > 0?

In the context of electrical circuits, what is the definition of voltage?

Consider a circuit element where the voltage is v_ab = 20 V. If a positive charge of 2 C moves from terminal b to terminal a, how much energy is transferred and is it supplied or absorbed by the element?

What does the 'passive reference configuration' for a circuit element signify?

A circuit element has a voltage of 12 V and a current of 2 A entering its positive terminal. What is the power associated with this element?

What does Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) state about any node in an electrical circuit?

If two circuit elements are connected in series, what can be said about their currents?

What does Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL) state about any closed path (loop) in an electrical circuit?

If two circuit elements are connected in parallel, what can be said about the voltages across them?

According to Ohm's Law, what is the relationship between voltage (v), current (i), and resistance (R) for an ideal resistor, assuming the passive reference configuration?

What is the resistance of a copper wire with a diameter of 2.05 mm and a length of 10 m? The resistivity of copper is 1.72 x 10^-8 Ohm-m.

An electrical heater is rated for 1500 W when operated from 120 V. What is its operating resistance?

What is the definition of an ideal independent voltage source?

A 1 kilohm resistor is rated for a maximum power of 1/4 W. What is the maximum voltage that can be applied across it?

In the fluid-flow analogy for electrical circuits, what is electrical current analogous to?

What is the equivalent term for a constant current that does not vary with time?

For the circuit element shown in Figure 1.15(c), where v_c = 12 V and i_c = -3 A, what is the power, and is the element absorbing or supplying it?

The charge that passes through a circuit element is given by q(t) = 0.01 sin(200t) C. What is the current i(t)?

What physical quantity is represented by the prefix 'giga-' and what is its scale factor?

How is the power delivered to a resistance R related to the current i flowing through it?

What is the key characteristic of an ideal conductor in a circuit diagram?

What type of source is represented by a diamond-shaped symbol in a circuit diagram?

A circuit contains an independent voltage source and a resistor in a single loop. If the source is 10 V and the resistor is 5 Ohm, what is the power delivered by the voltage source?

In a simple circuit with a 70 V source, a 20 Ohm resistor, and a 10 Ohm resistor in series, what is the voltage across the 10 Ohm resistor?

A current-controlled voltage source has a gain parameter of 3 V/A. If the controlling current, i_x, is 2A, what is the voltage of the source?

What is the relationship between the currents i_ab and i_ba for a given circuit element?

If the energy w delivered to a circuit element is calculated by integrating power (p) from time t1 to t2, what is the correct formula?

In a circuit with three nodes A, B, and C, currents i1 and i2 enter node C, while current i3 leaves node C. Which equation correctly represents KCL at node C?

What is the term for the quantity 1/R, where R is resistance, and what are its units?

For the circuit in Figure 1.42, with arbitrary references, the analysis yields v_x = -10 V and i_x = 2 A. What is the power for the resistance, p_R?

What are the units of voltage, and what fundamental units are they equivalent to?

If a circuit element is a battery being charged, what is the sign of the calculated power assuming the passive reference configuration?

In a circuit diagram, what does an open switch represent?

The scale factor 10^-6 corresponds to which SI prefix?

What is the physical basis for Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL)?

A constant current of 2 A flows through a circuit element for 10 seconds. How much net charge passes through the element?

In the circuit of Figure 1.25, which equation correctly represents KVL for Loop 1, traveling clockwise starting from the bottom left?

What does a negative value for a calculated current, such as i1 = -2 A, signify?

A voltage-controlled voltage source has a unitless gain parameter of 2. If the controlling voltage, v_x, is -7 V, what is the voltage of the source?

What is the primary distinction between a resistor and a resistance?

If a circuit element has an applied voltage v(t) = 12 V and a current i(t) = 2e^(-t) A, what is the energy absorbed by the source from t=0 to t=infinity?

How is an independent current source with a value of 0 A represented in a circuit when zeroing sources?

What is the primary reason an engineer might choose to use arbitrary reference directions and polarities when beginning a circuit analysis?

The resistivity of nichrome is 1.12 x 10^-6 Ohm-m and copper is 1.72 x 10^-8 Ohm-m. For two wires of the same length and diameter, how does the resistance of the nichrome wire compare to the copper wire?

In the circuit of Example 1.9, if the voltage across the 5 Ohm resistor is 15V, what is the current i_y?

What type of waveform is a current that is constant with time, such as i(t) = 2 A?

What does a negative value for a calculated voltage, such as v = -5 V, signify?

Which of the following is NOT one of the eight major areas of electrical engineering listed in Section 1.1?