Learning Module 6 Introduction to Risk Management
50 questions available
Key Points
- Risk has three related meanings: driver, position, exposure
- Risk management: set tolerance, measure, align exposures, monitor continuously
- Framework components: governance, measurement, infrastructure, policies, communication
- Enterprise view is essential: consider assets and liabilities holistically
- Risk budgeting translates tolerance into allocatable metrics
Key Points
- Standard deviation, beta, duration quantify common risks
- The Greeks (delta, gamma, vega, rho) measure derivatives' sensitivities
- VaR/CVaR quantify tail exposures but have modeling limits
- Scenario analysis and stress tests are essential complements
- Credit and operational risks require specialized metrics and often subjective inputs
Key Points
- Four modification approaches: avoid, accept/diversify, transfer, shift
- Derivatives vs insurance: different cash/timing/flexibility trade-offs
- Cost-benefit and governance alignment drive method selection
- Continuous monitoring, reporting, and a CRO/risk committee improve outcomes
- Consider risk interactions and solvency when designing mitigation
Questions
Which of the following most completely captures the three distinct ways the term 'risk' is used in risk management?
View answer and explanationA board states the organization can tolerate a 10% shortfall in annual revenue but not a 25% shortfall. This statement is best described as:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following best explains why an enterprise view of risk management matters for a corporate pension fund?
View answer and explanationWhich component is not normally listed as part of a risk management framework in the chapter?
View answer and explanationRisk budgeting most directly helps a firm do which of the following?
View answer and explanationWhich of these is primarily a market risk rather than a credit or liquidity risk?
View answer and explanationWhich is the best description of liquidity risk as used in the chapter?
View answer and explanationWhich risk is defined as the organization running out of cash even if its assets might be solvent in value terms?
View answer and explanationWhich metric answers the question: 'What is the minimum loss we expect with 5 percent probability over a one-day horizon'?
View answer and explanationWhich pair are first-order and second-order derivative sensitivities respectively?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following statements about VaR is correct?
View answer and explanationWhich tool is described as complementary to VaR for evaluating extreme scenarios?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following best describes 'wrong-way risk'?
View answer and explanationWhich mitigation method is described as pooling many relatively uncorrelated risks and charging premiums based on expected aggregate losses?
View answer and explanationA company hedges a future foreign-currency receivable by entering a forward contract to sell that currency in one year. Compared with buying an option to sell, a forward:
View answer and explanationWhich of these is an example of operational risk as defined in the chapter?
View answer and explanationWhich best describes 'tail risk' concerns raised in the chapter?
View answer and explanationWhy is diversification often characterized as a form of self-insurance?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is a practical reason insurers include deductibles in policies, according to the chapter?
View answer and explanationAn investment fund decides to limit its total portfolio beta to no more than 0.7. This is an example of:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following best explains why operational risk events are hard to measure quantitatively?
View answer and explanationWhen two risks interact nonlinearly (e.g., leverage combined with liquidity stress), the resulting total loss is often:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is a correct example of settlement risk?
View answer and explanationA CRO (Chief Risk Officer) is most appropriately tasked with which of the following?
View answer and explanationWhich of these is least likely to be a reason a board delays discussing risk tolerance until after a crisis, per the chapter?
View answer and explanationWhich statement best describes the role of communication in risk management?
View answer and explanationIf a firm decides to hold more cash to reduce solvency risk, this action is best classified as:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is an example of risk shifting rather than risk transfer?
View answer and explanationAn investment committee wants to ensure the portfolio manager is adding value relative to passive market exposure. Which risk governance tool directly facilitates comparing active decisions against market risk-return?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is a correct implication of the chapter's discussion on individuals' 'enterprise' of total wealth?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following best describes 'model risk' as used in the chapter?
View answer and explanationA firm faces a rare but extreme potential loss from a natural catastrophe. Which mitigation approach would the chapter most likely recommend considering first?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following describes the primary benefit of performing scenario analysis regularly?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is the most accurate characterization of 'enterprise risk management' in the chapter?
View answer and explanationWhich factor makes credit risk measurement particularly challenging, as described in the chapter?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is an argument the chapter gives for having a CRO or risk committee?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following best describes a 'surety bond' in corporate risk management terms?
View answer and explanationA hedge fund reduces turnover and holds losing positions longer in hopes of a rebound while selling winners quickly. Which bias would a risk governance process aim to mitigate in its investment review?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is a correct use of the Greeks for risk management?
View answer and explanationAn organization wants to ensure its risk exposures remain 'in line' with policies. Which step in the risk framework addresses monitoring and action when exposures deviate?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following best explains why risks that are 'insurable' are attractive to insurers?
View answer and explanationWhich example from the chapter illustrates how leverage can interact with liquidity to create amplified loss?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is NOT listed as a core component of risk infrastructure?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following correctly pairs a mitigation technique with its typical downside as described in the chapter?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following best summarizes why regulatory, accounting, and tax changes are challenging risks to quantify?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is a reason a firm would use reinsurance or catastrophe bonds?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is a correct application of extreme value theory mentioned in the chapter?
View answer and explanationIf an organization sets a risk budget by factor exposures (equity beta 60%, interest-rate sensitivity 30%, FX 10%), this approach is an example of:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following statements aligns with the chapter's view on the ultimate goal of risk management?
View answer and explanationWhich practice would the chapter most strongly recommend to detect hindsight bias in investment review?
View answer and explanation