Learning Module 1 Ethics and Trust in the Investment Profession
50 questions available
Key Points
- Ethics balances self-interest with consequences for many stakeholders.
- Codes and standards provide a framework beyond law.
- Professions establish trust via standards, education, oversight, and disciplinary mechanisms.
- Investment management is evolving; global coordination and bodies such as CFA Institute matter.
Ethical versus legal standards: some conduct can be legal but unethical (or vice versa). Regulators and laws are important but often reactive, jurisdictionally uneven, and incomplete. Ethical conduct requires judgment, considering stakeholders, consequences, and professional duties even in the absence of strict legal rules.
Key Points
- Behavioral biases and situational pressures often drive lapses.
- Short-term incentives and loyalty can distort decisions.
- Law and ethics overlap but are not identical; professionals should follow the higher standard when appropriate.
CFA Institute’s mission and role: CFA Institute promotes the highest standards of ethics, education, and professionalism. The CFA Program and Code and Standards provide a global baseline. Professionals and firms should adopt codes, maintain continuing competence, clearly disclose conflicts, avoid or disclose conflicts of interest, and create strong internal procedures (firewalls, supervision, transparency) to protect client interests and market integrity. High ethical standards safeguard market sustainability and public trust; individual and firm conduct affects the long-term efficiency of capital markets and the welfare of society.
Key Points
- Use the four-step ethical framework: Identify, Consider, Decide and Act, Reflect.
- Seek independent guidance and document decisions.
- Firms should cultivate ethical culture, transparency, and procedures (firewalls, disclosures).
- CFA Institute codifies expectations and supports continuing competence.
Questions
Which description best captures the definition of ethics used in this module?
View answer and explanationWhich is NOT a characteristic by which professions establish public trust, according to the module?
View answer and explanationAn analyst intentionally omits a material risk in a research report to increase the odds the company will hire the firm for investment banking business. Which outcome best aligns with the module's discussion of consequences?
View answer and explanationWhich statement best illustrates the module’s point about the relationship between law and ethics?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is an example of a situational influence described in the module that can impair ethical judgement?
View answer and explanationAn employee thinks, "I am honest so I would never do something unethical." According to the module, this belief most closely reflects which bias?
View answer and explanationWhich organizational practice does the module warn can unintentionally promote a "check-the-box" mentality rather than ethical judgement?
View answer and explanationAccording to the module, which single action best supports building a strong ethical culture in a firm?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following best describes the first phase of the ethical decision-making framework presented in the module?
View answer and explanationA junior analyst drafts an email containing confidential IPO analysis and considers sending it to two outside industry contacts to get feedback. Applying the module’s framework, which step should the analyst take before sending the email?
View answer and explanationWhich practice did the module recommend firms adopt to limit misuse of material nonpublic information?
View answer and explanationAn analyst compiles a 'mosaic' from public facts, vendor data, and expert conversations (nonmaterial) and concludes the firm will miss earnings. According to the module, which statement is true?
View answer and explanationWhich action would most likely reduce the risk that analysts are pressured by an investment bank’s corporate-finance business?
View answer and explanationA fund manager sends lucrative gifts to a pension trustee who can influence manager selection. Under the module guidance, which standard is most directly implicated?
View answer and explanationWhich behavior is most consistent with the module’s recommendation about accepting client gifts?
View answer and explanationA small fund reports a 10-year composite return but excludes several large accounts that left the firm during the period without disclosing it. This practice best illustrates which violation discussed in the module?
View answer and explanationWhich control does the module recommend to detect and prevent insider-trading risk within a firm?
View answer and explanationWhich of these is a correct interpretation of the module’s view on whistleblowing?
View answer and explanationUnder the module’s guidance, what is the preferred compensation structure for independent analysts doing issuer-paid research to avoid conflicts?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following best reflects the module’s guidance about maintaining competence (Standard I(E))?
View answer and explanationWhich choice best captures the module’s advice on use of social media by investment professionals?
View answer and explanationAn adviser recommends an investment that is legally allowed but more expensive than similar alternatives and does not disclose this to the client. Which principle from the module is breached?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following best describes the module’s recommended approach when a professional discovers their firm is using deceptive marketing to attract clients?
View answer and explanationA portfolio manager must choose between two suitable investments: one yields slightly higher fees to the firm but the other is marginally better on total cost to the client. Under the module’s guidance, what should the manager do?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following best reflects the module’s position on the role of professional bodies like CFA Institute?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following is a primary reason the module gives for why ethics matters in capital markets?
View answer and explanationA compliance department designs a new firewall but distributes the watch list to all employees. According to the module, why is this problematic?
View answer and explanationWhich best reflects the module’s guidance on performance benchmarks for a manager’s track record?
View answer and explanationAccording to the module, which factor most often causes otherwise well-intentioned people to act unethically?
View answer and explanationWhich recommendation would the module consider best practice when a firm faces potential conflicts between research and investment banking?
View answer and explanationWhich step is part of the module’s recommended ethical decision process after acting on a choice?
View answer and explanationA firm claims compliance with CFA Institute Code and Standards on its marketing materials. According to the module, the firm should:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following best summarizes the module’s guidance on disclosure of conflicts of interest?
View answer and explanationA manager recommending investments to a retail client should first:
View answer and explanationWhich of the following actions would be a violation of Standard II(B) on market manipulation as described in the module?
View answer and explanationWhich of these is an example of an appropriate firm-level response to prevent plagiarism and misrepresentation in research?
View answer and explanationA portfolio manager running discretionary mandates places a large personal trade ahead of client trades in the same security. According to the module, this most directly violates which principle?
View answer and explanationUnder the module’s examples, which action is most consistent with preserving client confidentiality (Standard III(E))?
View answer and explanationAn investment firm advertises the firm’s past returns but omits that the composite excluded accounts that left during the period. Under module guidance, what should be done?
View answer and explanationWhich measure does the module recommend for a firm that wants to ensure research objectivity from analysts?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following most accurately captures the module’s guidance for proxy voting responsibilities?
View answer and explanationAccording to the module, what is the role of continuing professional development in professionalism?
View answer and explanationA junior analyst uses a competitor’s published research without attribution in his firm’s report. Which module principle is violated?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following best matches the module’s advice when faced with conflicting laws and professional standards across jurisdictions?
View answer and explanationWhich action is an example of behavior that the module identifies as misconduct under Standard I(D)?
View answer and explanationA buy-side manager asks a sell-side analyst to delay publication of a negative report until after the manager liquidates a short position. According to the module, which concept is violated if the analyst complies?
View answer and explanationWhich of these best describes a firm-level policy the module endorses to support Standard III(A) duties?
View answer and explanationWhich practice relating to issuer-sponsored research would the module consider acceptable?
View answer and explanationAn adviser managing multiple client accounts must allocate a scarce IPO allotment. According to the module, which principle should guide allocation?
View answer and explanationWhich of the following best summarizes the module’s advice about how ethical decision-making frameworks help professionals?
View answer and explanation