The 'crime funnel' illustrates that most criminal cases do not go through all the steps in the system. What is the term for the crimes that are unknown to the police and form the largest part of this discrepancy?
Explanation
This question tests the student's knowledge of the 'dark figure of crime,' a fundamental concept in criminology that explains the limitations of official crime statistics.
Other questions
What is the primary definition of crime provided by most criminologists?
According to the text, what was a primary reason that the serial killer Ted Bundy was able to avoid arrest and detection for so long?
In 2016, which category of offense resulted in more arrests than all violent crimes (murder, rape, aggravated assault, and robbery) combined?
Which entity is part of the criminal justice system and is primarily tasked with implementing punishments and/or rehabilitative efforts for those found guilty?
According to Goode's definition, which of the following is NOT a necessary component for an act to be considered deviant?
What is the term for behaviors that are learned and shared by a social group, often referred to as 'customs,' that are not morally significant?
Which view of lawmaking states that the definition of crime reflects the preferences and opinions of people who hold social power in a particular legal jurisdiction?
What term did sociologist Howard Becker coin for individuals who use the strength of their positions to encourage others to follow their moral stances and create rules?
Which view of law creation implies that all groups come together, regardless of social class, race, or age, to determine what should be illegal?
What does the term 'decriminalized' mean in the context of law?
The conflict view of crime is commonly associated with which 19th-century thinker?
According to the conflict view, who controls crime definitions and writes the laws?
What are the 'Three C's' that represent the three main components of the criminal justice system?
In the court phase of the criminal justice system, what is the primary role of a prosecutor?
What is the term for a deal made for a reduced sentence in exchange for a defendant pleading guilty?
Which criminal justice model, created by Herbert L. Packer, focuses on having an efficient system where the most important function is to suppress and control crime for public order?
The Due Process Model of criminal justice is often compared to what kind of process?
What is the term for the power to make decisions on issues within legal guidelines, considered by many to be the most powerful tool of the criminal justice system?
According to research cited in the text, what is the primary source from which the majority of the public derives its knowledge about crime and justice?
What does Glassner (2009) describe as the 'ideal crime story' for journalists to report?
What is yellow journalism?
In Samuel Walker's Wedding Cake Model of Justice, which layer represents the largest number of cases handled by the system, such as misdemeanors and traffic violations?
Celebrated cases like those of Ted Bundy or O.J. Simpson fall into which tier of the Wedding Cake Model of Justice?
What is the primary distinction between corporate crime and white-collar crime?
The case of Bernard Madoff operating a massive Ponzi scheme is used as an example of what type of crime?
Which category of crime, such as disorderly conduct or driving under the influence, may not harm other people or property directly but impacts social order?
What is the defining difference between a felony and a misdemeanor offense?
Benjamin Mendelsohn's typology of crime victims placed a lot of emphasis on what factor?
Which criminologist's typology of victims considered the role of biological, sociological, and psychological factors, such as the vulnerability of the young, elderly, and immigrants?
What is the purpose of a victim-impact statement in the criminal justice process?
The Victim's Rights and Restitution Act requires federal law enforcement to accord victims of crime the right to what?
What is the central myth or controversy discussed in section 1.16 of the chapter?
The case of Adele MacLean being cited for feeding the homeless without a permit is used to illustrate what point about crime?
What type of social norm is considered a norm of morality, where a violation is often considered offensive to most people in a culture?
The criminalization of jaywalking in the 1920s, driven by auto industry groups, is used as a prime example of which view of lawmaking?
What does the text identify as the first point of contact with the criminal justice system for most individuals?
Which of the two criminal justice models is more likely to favor a plea bargain because trials may take too much time and slow down the process?
What is the primary reason the text gives for why it is important to know that many crimes are unknown to the police (the dark figure of crime)?
Despite official data showing decreases in U.S. violent and property crime rates, the text notes that media consumption can lead to what public perception?
In the Wedding Cake Model, which tier would most likely contain Class C felonies that often end in a plea bargain and do not result in significant prison time?
What is the primary goal of corporate crime?
The case of the Ford Pinto, where the company allegedly marketed a defective product with a dangerous gas tank, is used as an example of what?
In Mendelsohn's typology, a 'guilty victim, guilty offender' refers to a situation where:
What does the concept of victim precipitation suggest?
In the legal definition of a victim, what is a key reason that victims and families were historically not included in the court process?
In section 1.16, the text connects the practice of spanking to which theory by stating it is a form of positive punishment to stop a behavior?
Sociologist Edwin Sutherland first introduced which concept during his presidential address at the American Sociological Society Meeting in 1939?
What does the text identify as a major difference between the investigation of street crime and the investigation of corporate and white-collar crime?
In the context of community-based supervision, what is the role of a probation officer (PO)?