The chapter gives an example of two opposing political candidates who would prefer to run positive campaigns but end up running negative ads for fear of the other gaining an advantage. This scenario is a real-life example of what concept?
Explanation
This question requires applying the prisoner's dilemma framework to a real-world political scenario described in the text, testing conceptual application.
Other questions
What is the definition of political socialization as described in the chapter?
Which influence is usually considered the most important on a person's political socialization?
What is the term for the shared attitudes, values, goals, and practices common to members of a political group, such as a country or party?
What was the approximate percentage of the adult population in America that watched the presidential debates between Nixon and Kennedy in 1960?
What is the term for a situation where two or more individuals need to make a plan or resolve a conflict but do not agree on the solution?
In the context of group decision-making, what are transaction costs?
According to the chapter, when transaction costs are low, what typically happens to conformity costs?
What is the term for a collective action problem that results in the depletion of a resource available to all, such as overfishing or air pollution?
In the classic prisoner's dilemma scenario described, what sentence do both suspects receive if they both accuse each other (defect)?
What is the behavior of accepting a benefit without contributing to its achievement known as?
According to Nobel prize winner Elinor Ostrom, what is a key element for communities to effectively resolve a tragedy of the commons without a sovereign or prices?
What is the coordinated global minimum corporate tax rate agreed to by the G-7 nations to prevent free riding on tax obligations?
In the United States, about what proportion of teenagers have political ideologies and partisan affiliations similar to those of their parents?
What is the culture of those in a country who, by virtue of their wealth, education, and position, have the dominant influence over politics and policy known as?
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main causes of collective dilemmas identified in the chapter?
What is the 'price' that those who do not get what they want must pay to arrive at a collective decision called?
Between the 1970s and the early 2000s, the Atlantic population of bluefin tuna declined by an estimated eighty percent due to what collective action problem?
What is the term for a voting rule where a measure must receive support from a group larger than a simple majority, such as two-thirds or three-quarters of the votes?
The free rider problem on tax payments is estimated to deprive the US Treasury of what amount annually?
How does the chapter distinguish between instrumental and expressive actions?
What is the term for when participants in a collective decision-making process generally agree on what they want to do but disagree over the details?
In South Korea, what percentage supermajority is required in the National Assembly to bring any legislative measure up for a vote?
What is described as the 'socially' best outcome in the prisoner's dilemma, defined as the outcome with the minimum total prison time?
What are the two main governmental remedies for resolving tragedies of the commons mentioned in the chapter?
The text states that in the United States, about one-third of teenagers adopt what kind of political ideologies?
Which of these is presented as a cause of the weakening of mass culture?
What term is used for the existing situation that prevails when a group cannot reach a decision in a collective dilemma?
In the prisoner's dilemma example with two suspects, what sentence does a suspect receive if they inform on their accomplice ('defect') while the accomplice remains silent ('cooperates')?
What is a primary reason that collective action problems are less common and easier to resolve in small groups?
What impact does schooling appear to have on political socialization, according to the chapter?
In a situation with high transaction costs, such as trying to get 300 people to agree on a restaurant for dinner, what is the likely outcome?
Besides keeping groups small, what is another powerful tool mentioned to discourage free riding?
The chapter contrasts the individualistic political culture of the United States with the more community-centered values of which former Soviet Union country?
What voting rule, described as the most extreme form of supermajority, is used in most US jury trials for a defendant to be found guilty?
Classical economic theory, with its concept of the 'invisible hand,' holds a view opposite to that of collective action logic. What does classical economic theory hold?
What is required to successfully prevent or end a prisoner's dilemma involving large groups?
According to the text, there is a growing body of evidence that indicates what kind of links to political predispositions?
How does the chapter define minority cultures?
What is one of the main strengths of a unicameral legislature?
In a political context, the use of a group project where one lazy student gets the same grade as the hard-working students is an example of what?
According to the text, why are collective action problems involving large numbers of people difficult to resolve through personal relationships?
What is the primary way that group decision-making, such as having everyone vote, affects transaction and conformity costs compared to delegating power to a single leader?
Besides creating strong social solidarity, what is the most basic incentive mentioned to prevent the free riding problem of not paying taxes?
What does the chapter cite as a reason for the increasing ability of minority cultures to flourish?
When are transaction costs and conformity costs said to often move in different directions?
According to the chapter, a supermajority voting rule might require what percentage of votes?
The chapter explains that one of the solutions to the free rider problem is to create strong social solidarity. What is an example of how governments do this regarding taxes?
What factor makes it difficult for countries to achieve progress on combating climate change, according to the prisoner's dilemma and free rider logic presented in the chapter?
In the context of the chapter, delegating decision-making power to a single person is a solution that primarily addresses what challenge?