Which organization, formed in 1909 by Black leaders and White advocates, is mentioned as a key player in the early civil rights movement for African Americans?
Explanation
This question tests knowledge of a major civil rights organization, the NAACP, and its historical origins as described in the text.
Other questions
How does the text define 'civil rights'?
What is the primary distinction between negative rights and positive rights as explained in the text?
According to the text, which country was the first in the world to grant women the right to vote?
What is the primary method used in the United States to address disability rights, as contrasted with countries that have explicit constitutional protections?
What is the concept of 'majoritarianism' as described in the chapter?
As of December 2019, approximately what percentage of countries in the world allowed same-sex couples to adopt?
What are the legal efforts such as literacy tests, poll taxes, and White-only primaries, used to limit Black political participation in the US, collectively referred to as?
In the 2013 case of Shelby County v. Holder, what was the Supreme Court's ruling regarding the Voting Rights Act (VRA)?
Between 1776 and 1887, approximately how much Indigenous land did the United States federal government seize?
What was the purpose of the government-run 'boarding schools' for Indigenous children in the United States and Canada?
What was the Supreme Court's majority opinion in Korematsu v. United States (1944)?
According to the Global Slavery Index mentioned in the text, which of the following is NOT among the seven countries that have taken a stance on fighting slavery among labor practices?
What constitutional provision codified that an enslaved person counted as three-fifths of a person for representation purposes in the United States?
Which individual's act of civil disobedience in 1892 involved challenging the Louisiana Railway Accommodations Act by sitting in a 'white-only' train car?
The protest and eventual suicide of which individual in 2010 is credited with sparking the Arab Spring?
What is the stated mission of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement, according to its website as cited in the text?
Who originally coined the phrase 'Me Too' in 2006 as a form of solidarity with victims of sexual abuse, particularly girls of color?
What does the term 'institutional racism' refer to, according to the text?
What is 'public interest litigation' (PIL) in the Indian judicial system?
What was the Supreme Court's central determination in the Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) decision?
What is the 'one-drop rule' as described in the context of 20th-century US civil rights cases?
Which amendment to the US Constitution nullified the Dred Scott decision by defining citizenship as all persons born or naturalized in the United States?
What does the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment require?
In 1976, which president signed a proclamation calling the internment of Japanese Americans 'a national mistake'?
What is the distinction between formal and informal executive power as it relates to civil rights?
In 2015, the US Supreme Court ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges accomplished what major change in civil rights policy?
According to the text, what major factor contributed to the rapid shift in American attitudes toward homosexuality and same-sex marriage?
In what year did South Africa become the first country in Africa to allow same-sex couples to adopt?
Which of the following is an example of a 'negative right' mentioned in the text?
What country's constitution is mentioned as emphasizing Buddhism as the majority religion, creating a situation that enables the majority to maintain power?
From which years did the Jim Crow era, a period of laws perpetuating institutional racism, last in the United States?
According to the Brennan Center's investigation cited in the text, how common is voter fraud in the United States?
The government of Bhutan, representing the majority's interests, has been accused of civil rights abuses against which minority group?
In 2020, the US Supreme Court ruled that much of eastern Oklahoma is tribal land belonging to which people?
What does the text identify as the major components of modern slavery, according to Professor Kevin Bales?
What was the first major activist inquiry into the meaning of the Fourteenth Amendment's equal-protection clause, according to the Legal Information Institute quote in the text?
What was the estimated participation in the summer 2020 Black Lives Matter protests in the United States, making them one of the largest social movements in US history?
What is the primary way that the Black Lives Matter movement differs from the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, according to the text?
In the context of the Me Too movement, what is the significance of Gen Z, according to columnist David Bloom?
The landmark Supreme Court case Loving v. Virginia (1967) overturned state laws that banned what?
What does the text describe as one of the most remarkable and consequential acts of civil rights infringement in US history, codified by Executive Order 9066?
According to the text, what action by Czech university student Jan Palach in 1969 helped inspire the Velvet Revolution?
Approximately how many treaties with Native American tribes did the US government sign and ratify in the 18th and 19th centuries, which it frequently failed to honor?
What is defined as 'a civil rights movement founded in 2013 to create public awareness of and accountability for police misconduct in the deaths of Black people'?
In total, how many Japanese internees received the 20,000 dollar reparations payments issued by the US government starting in 1990?
The term 'constitutionalism' is defined in the text as:
What does the text identify as a major reason for the shift in public approval of same-sex marriage, growing from less than 40 percent in 2004 to more than 60 percent by 2019?
Which civil rights group, primarily organized through social media, focuses on police brutality and racially motivated violence?
What protest tactic, used by both Homer Plessy in 1892 and climate activists in Germany in 2016, is defined as a 'public, nonviolent, conscientious yet political act contrary to law'?