Question 9 of 50

What is the most fundamental definition of civil rights provided in the text?

Which constitutional amendment's equal protection clause is cited as a key guarantee against unequal treatment by state governments?

Under the rational basis test, who has the burden of proof to show that a discriminatory law or policy is unlawful?

Discrimination based on which of the following categories is generally examined by the courts using intermediate scrutiny?

What laws, passed by southern states after the Civil War, were designed to reduce former slaves to the status of serfs or indentured servants?

Which Supreme Court case established the 'separate but equal' doctrine, allowing for racial segregation?

What percentage of African American adults in the South were registered to vote as late as 1940, according to the text?

The primary strategy of the NAACP in its early years to combat Jim Crow laws was through:

The legal principle that erased a married woman's separate legal identity in early American history was known as:

The first-ever women’s rights convention in the United States was held in 1848 in which city?

The proposed constitutional amendment that mandated equal treatment for all regardless of sex, which passed Congress in 1972 but was not ratified by the states, was the:

In what year did the Supreme Court rule in Obergefell v. Hodges, making same-sex marriage legal throughout the United States?

Which piece of legislation greatly expanded opportunities and protections for people of all ages with disabilities in 1990?

Which federal act granted U.S. citizenship to all Native Americans born after its passage in 1924?

The riots at the Stonewall Inn in 1969 are considered a pivotal event for which civil rights movement?

What did the Supreme Court’s decision in Korematsu v. United States (1944) uphold?

The 'Trail of Tears' refers to the forced removal of which Native American tribe to Oklahoma Territory?

Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta founded which organization to fight for the rights of migrant farm workers?

What is the glass ceiling?

The strict scrutiny standard requires the government to demonstrate that a discriminatory law serves a:

What was the immediate outcome of the 'separate but equal' doctrine established by Plessy v. Ferguson?

What was the significance of the U.S. military's 'Don't ask, don't tell' policy enacted in 1994?

As of 2014, women earned approximately how much for every dollar earned by a fully employed man?

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 had what primary effect?

The term 'de facto segregation' refers to segregation that results from:

What was the primary goal of the American Indian Movement (AIM) when it occupied Wounded Knee in 1973?

The landmark Supreme Court case Buck v. Bell (1927) upheld the right of state governments to:

How did the National Woman's Party (NWP) differ from the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)?

The term 'Chicano' was adopted by young Mexican American activists to:

In the case of Bolling v. Sharpe (1954), Chief Justice Earl Warren argued that discrimination could be so unjustifiable as to violate what constitutional principle?

What was the primary purpose of affirmative action programs and policies as described in the text?

Which of these was NOT a tool of disenfranchisement used in the South after Reconstruction?

What was the significance of the 1965 Selma-to-Montgomery march?

The Jones Act of 1917 granted U.S. citizenship to inhabitants of which U.S. territory?

In what year were the first female cadets graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point?

The Trail of Tears resulted in the death of what fraction of the Cherokee tribe's population?

The American Indian Movement (AIM) was described in the text as being:

In the Supreme Court case of Lau v. Nichols (1974), what was the central claim made by Chinese American students?

By 1967, according to the text, voter registration for African Americans in Mississippi had risen to nearly what percentage from just 6.7 percent in 1965?

Which of these is NOT one of the three core questions the text suggests for identifying a civil rights problem?

What was the purpose of the Bracero Program during World War II?

In what year did the American Psychological Association end its classification of homosexuality as a mental disorder?

The Matthew Shepard Act of 2009 expanded federal hate crime law to include attacks based on:

The eugenics movement in the late 19th and early 20th centuries primarily targeted individuals with:

What was the one resolution that did not pass unanimously at the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848?

Which U.S. territory was involved in the Mendez v. Westminster case, which found the segregation of Mexican American students unconstitutional?

What was the significance of the 1938 Supreme Court ruling regarding racial discrimination in higher education?

According to the text, the federal government's power to pass the Civil Rights Act of 1964, particularly the provisions affecting private businesses, was legally justified by:

What was the primary purpose of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887?