According to the volume-pressure curve for the systemic arterial system, what is the mean arterial pressure when the system is filled with about 700 ml of blood?

Question 6

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on the volume-pressure relationship of the arterial and venous systems?

Question 7

What is delayed compliance, or stress-relaxation, of a blood vessel?

Question 8

In a healthy young adult, what is the approximate pulse pressure?

Question 9

Pulse pressure is determined approximately by the ratio of which two factors?

Question 10

Which condition is characterized by a pressure pulse contour where the aortic pressure can fall all the way to zero between heartbeats and there is no incisura?

Question 12

What are the two factors responsible for the damping of pressure pulses in the periphery?

Question 13

What causes the Korotkoff sounds heard during blood pressure measurement by the auscultatory method?

Question 14

What is the normal right atrial pressure, also known as the central venous pressure?

Question 15

In an adult standing absolutely still, what is the approximate pressure in the veins of the feet?

Question 16

What is the primary function of the venous pump, or muscle pump?

Question 17

What is the primary cause of varicose veins?

Question 18

Which organ can decrease in size to release as much as 100 ml of blood and is considered a specific blood reservoir?

Question 19

How much extra blood can be transfused into a healthy person in just a few minutes without greatly altering circulatory function, demonstrating the high compliance of the venous system?

Question 20

In the pulmonary circulation, the pulmonary arteries have distensibilities that are how many times greater than that of systemic arteries?

Question 21

The velocity of pressure pulse transmission in small arteries can be in what range?

Question 22

What does the term 'damping of the pressure pulses' refer to?

Question 23

At normal heart rates, how is the mean arterial pressure determined by systolic and diastolic pressures?

Question 24

Which two primary factors regulate right atrial pressure?

Question 25

In a person lying down, the pressure in the more peripheral small veins is typically how much greater than the right atrial pressure?

Question 26

If a person's intra-abdominal pressure rises to +20 mm Hg, what is the lowest possible pressure in the femoral veins for blood to flow from the legs to the heart?

Question 27

What is the approximate venous pressure in the sagittal sinus at the top of the brain in a standing person?

Question 28

In an ordinary walking adult, what does the venous pump achieve regarding pressure in the feet?

Question 29

If a person stands perfectly still for 15 to 30 minutes, what percentage of blood volume can be lost from the circulatory system?

Question 30

Which of the following is considered a specific blood reservoir that can contribute as much as 300 ml of blood?

Question 31

The release of concentrated red blood cells from the spleen can raise the hematocrit by what percentage?

Question 32

How is vascular compliance related to vascular distensibility?

Question 33

When the systemic arterial system of an average adult is filled with only 400 ml of blood, what is the resulting mean arterial pressure?

Question 34

What is the valuable mechanism by which the circulation can automatically adjust over minutes or hours to diminished blood volume after a serious hemorrhage?

Question 35

Which pathophysiological condition often causes the pulse pressure to rise to twice the normal level in old age?

Question 36

In a person with patent ductus arteriosus, what happens to more than 50 percent of the blood pumped into the aorta?

Question 37

The velocity of transmission of the pressure pulse in the aorta is how many times greater than the velocity of blood flow?

Question 38

The degree of damping of pressure pulses is almost directly proportional to the product of which two factors?

Question 39

In the automated oscillometric method for blood pressure measurement, the maximum amplitude of cuff pressure oscillation corresponds to what pressure?

Question 40

What is the primary cause of the slight extra increase in systolic pressure that often occurs beyond the age of 60?

Question 41

What is the lower limit to the right atrial pressure, which is also the pressure in the chest cavity surrounding the heart?

Question 42

What causes the neck veins of a standing person to collapse almost completely down to the skull?

Question 43

What can happen if the sagittal sinus inside the skull is opened during surgery on a standing person?

Question 44

Even after losing as much as 20 percent of total blood volume, how does the circulatory system often continue to function almost normally?

Question 45

Which part of the spleen's structure acts as a special reservoir for large quantities of concentrated red blood cells?

Question 46

What is the primary function of vascular distensibility in the arteries?

Question 47

At what pressure does the arterial pressure of an average adult fall to zero according to the volume-pressure curve?

Question 48

During hemorrhage, what is the effect of enhanced sympathetic tone, especially to the veins?

Question 49

What is the name of the sound heard with a stethoscope that is created by blood jetting through a partly occluded artery during blood pressure measurement?

Question 50

In addition to the spleen, liver, and large abdominal veins, which other structure can contribute several hundred milliliters of blood as a specific blood reservoir?