Getting Started: Introductory Concepts and Definitions

What is the primary objective of the introductory chapter on thermodynamics?

In thermodynamic analysis, what is the term for a fixed quantity of matter under study where no mass can cross its boundary?

What is a thermodynamic property?

Which of the following is an example of an intensive property?

What is the weight in newtons of an object with a mass of 1000 kg on Earth's surface, where the standard acceleration due to gravity is defined as 9.80665 m/s squared?

A system is said to be at which state if none of its properties change with time?

What is defined as the reciprocal of density?

A pressure-measuring device indicates the difference between the absolute pressure in a system and the absolute pressure of the atmosphere outside. What is this difference called when the system pressure is greater than the atmospheric pressure?

What principle, sometimes called the zeroth law of thermodynamics, is tacitly assumed in every measurement of temperature?

What is the relationship between the Celsius temperature scale and the Kelvin temperature scale?

A process that occurs while a system is enclosed by an adiabatic wall, experiencing no thermal interaction with its surroundings, is called what?

According to the problem-solving methodology described in Section 1.7.3, what is the first step you should take when organizing a problem solution?

What is the definition of a control volume, also known as an open system?

A quantity of matter that is homogeneous throughout in both chemical composition and physical structure is referred to as what?

A system consists of liquid water in equilibrium with a gaseous mixture of air and water vapor. How many phases are present?

An idealized process where the departure from thermodynamic equilibrium is at most infinitesimal is known as what?

The SI unit of force, the newton (N), is a secondary unit. It is defined such that 1 newton is the force required to accelerate a mass of 1 kilogram at what rate?

What is the equivalent temperature of 0 K on the Celsius scale?

If a pressure gauge on a tank reads 2.5 bar and the local atmospheric pressure is 1.0 bar, what is the absolute pressure inside the tank?

What is the internationally agreed-upon standard fixed point used to define temperature scales?

A substance that is uniform and invariable in chemical composition is called a what?

The SI unit prefix 'kilo' (k) corresponds to what factor?

What is the SI unit for pressure, defined as one newton per square meter?

A manometer measures a pressure difference in terms of the length of a column of liquid. The pressure difference (p - patm) is given by the equation p⋅g⋅L. What does the term 'ρ' represent in this equation?

Why is the macroscopic approach, also known as classical thermodynamics, predominantly used in engineering applications instead of the microscopic approach (statistical thermodynamics)?

What is the defined temperature of the triple point of water in kelvins?

In a constant-volume gas thermometer, what is the thermometric property that changes with temperature?

An object has a mass of 5 kg. On a planet where the local acceleration of gravity is one-tenth of the standard Earth value (g = 9.81 m/s squared), what is its weight?

A vacuum gauge on a chamber reads 0.8 bar. If the surrounding atmospheric pressure is 1.0 bar, what is the absolute pressure inside the chamber?

What distinguishes an extensive property from an intensive property?

Which of the following describes a system in thermodynamic equilibrium?

What is the primary function of engineering design?

The idealization that matter is distributed continuously throughout a region, allowing properties to be defined 'at a point', is known as what?

Which property is used to express the amount of a substance on a molar basis, for example, in kilomoles (kmol)?

What is the standard atmospheric pressure value defined in the text, expressed in N/m squared?

A Bourdon tube gauge measures pressure relative to the surrounding atmospheric pressure. What will its dial read when the pressure inside the tube is the same as the pressure outside?

What is the key characteristic of an isolated system?

Convert a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius to Kelvin.

What is the defining test for whether a quantity is a thermodynamic property?

An object has a mass of 10 kg and weighs 95 N at a certain location. What is the local acceleration of gravity at that location?

What does a 'thermodynamic cycle' consist of?

What is the SI base unit for mass?

A process that occurs at constant temperature is referred to as what?

What is the relationship between absolute pressure (p_abs), gage pressure (p_gage), and atmospheric pressure (p_atm)?

Which temperature scale is an absolute thermodynamic temperature scale that provides a continuous definition of temperature, valid over all ranges?

An object weighs 25 kN at a location where the acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s squared. What is its mass in kg?

What is the term for everything external to a thermodynamic system?

The SI unit prefix 'micro' corresponds to what factor?

In the five-step problem-solving methodology, after stating what is 'Known' and what to 'Find', what is the third step?

What is the key difference between a closed system and a control volume?