Origin of Soil and Grain Size

What are the three basic types of rocks as classified by their mode of origin?

How are igneous rocks formed?

According to Bowen's reaction series, which mineral is most resistant to weathering?

What is the primary characteristic of mechanical weathering?

Soils formed by transportation and deposition of glaciers are known as which type of soil?

According to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), what is the grain size range for sand?

What are the two basic structural units that form complex aluminum silicates in clay minerals?

Which clay mineral consists of repeating layers of elemental silica-gibbsite sheets in a 1 to 1 lattice and has a specific surface of about 15 square meters per gram?

What is the term for the substitution of one element for another in the crystalline structure of a clay mineral with no change in the crystalline form?

Which of the following clay minerals typically has the largest specific surface?

What is the specific gravity (Gs) of Quartz, a common mineral in sandy soils?

Mechanical analysis of soil is the determination of the size range of particles present in a soil. For which particle sizes is sieve analysis generally used?

What is the opening size of a U.S. standard sieve No. 200, which is a critical boundary in many soil classification systems?

Hydrometer analysis is based on the principle of sedimentation of soil grains in water, and the velocity of particle settlement is expressed by which law?

On a particle-size distribution curve, what does the parameter D10, known as the effective size, represent?

A soil has a diameter D60 of 0.8 mm and a D10 of 0.2 mm. What is its uniformity coefficient (Cu)?

A soil has D10 = 0.1 mm, D30 = 0.4 mm, and D60 = 0.8 mm. What is its coefficient of gradation (Cc)?

A soil in which most of the soil grains are the same size is described as what?

What are the conditions on the uniformity coefficient (Cu) and coefficient of gradation (Cc) for a gravel to be considered well graded?

What are the three major categories used to describe particle shape?

The chemical weathering of orthoclase, a feldspar mineral, produces which of the following sets of products?

What is the name for sedimentary rocks formed by the compaction and cementation of particles like gravel, sand, and silt?

Under the USDA classification system, what is the particle size range for silt?

What type of bonding holds the repeating layers of silica-gibbsite sheets together in kaolinite?

A layer of an alumina octahedron sheet is also known by what other name?

What is the typical range for the specific gravity (Gs) of the mineral Montmorillonite?

In a sieve analysis, after determining the mass of soil retained on each sieve (M1, M2, ... Mi) and the pan (Mp), what is the formula for the percent finer (F) for the ith sieve?

What physical property of a clay is described as 'the putty-like property of clays that contain a certain amount of water'?

What is the primary mineral composition of most sand particles?

In the context of clay minerals, what is the water held to clay particles by force of attraction known as?

The results of a sieve analysis are as follows: mass retained on No. 4 sieve = 0g, on No. 10 = 40g, on No. 20 = 60g. The total mass of the sample is 729g. What is the cumulative mass retained above the No. 20 sieve?

A soil that has a combination of two or more uniformly graded fractions, with a range of intermediate sizes absent, is referred to as what?

Which term describes geologists use to describe the shape of bulky particles that are freshly broken and have sharp edges?

What is the primary cause of the net negative charge on the surfaces of clay particles?

Which of the following is an example of a chemical sedimentary rock?

Which rock is formed from the metamorphism of quartz-rich sandstones?

In a hydrometer analysis, the constant K in the equation D(mm) = K * sqrt(L(cm)/t(min)) is a function of which two parameters?

What causes the discontinuity often observed in a combined particle-size distribution curve where the sieve analysis and hydrometer analysis results overlap?

What is the sorting coefficient (S0) a measure of?

According to the particle-size distribution in Figure 2.25 and the Unified Soil Classification System, a soil with 100 percent passing the 4.75 mm sieve and 62 percent passing the 0.075 mm sieve would have what percentage of sand?

Flaky particles with very low sphericity (usually 0.01 or less) are predominantly which type of mineral?

The rock cycle diagram (Figure 2.1) shows that igneous rock can be transformed into metamorphic rock through which process?

Which of the following is NOT listed as a physical agent that helps disintegrate rocks during mechanical weathering?

What is the defining characteristic of residual soils?

In a soil classified under the Unified Soil Classification System, particles are considered 'fines' if they pass which sieve?

In a dry clay, how is the negative charge of the particles balanced?

The innermost layer of double-layer water, which is held very strongly by clay, is known as what?

From a sieve analysis, a soil is found to have D10 = 0.15 mm, D30 = 0.17 mm, and D60 = 0.27 mm. What is its uniformity coefficient (Cu) and coefficient of gradation (Cc)?

What type of rock is formed from the solidification of molten magma on the surface of the earth?

For the particle-size distribution curve shown in Figure 2.28, which was determined to represent a sand with 0 percent gravel and 1.7 percent silt and clay, how would this soil be described?