In the dual-process theory of reasoning, what is the role of the rule-based system?
Explanation
The rule-based system in dual-process theory corresponds to a more effortful, analytical, and conscious mode of thinking (System 2). It allows for deliberate evaluation and overrides the immediate, intuitive responses of the associative system (System 1).
Other questions
According to the classical decision theory model of 'economic man and woman', which of the following is NOT an assumed characteristic of decision makers?
What is the primary goal of human action according to subjective expected utility theory?
In a study by Tversky and Kahneman, participants were surveyed about families with exactly six children. What did the results indicate about people's estimation of the number of families with the birth order B G B B B B compared to the birth order G B G B B G?
What term describes the phenomenon where we judge the probability of an uncertain event based on how obviously it reflects the salient features of the process by which it is generated, such as randomness?
In a multiplication estimation problem (8x7x6x5x4x3x2x1 versus 1x2x3x4x5x6x7x8), participants gave a higher median estimate for the first sequence. What heuristic does this demonstrate?
In the vaccine problem where 600 people are at risk, which option are most people likely to choose when the choice is framed in terms of gains (e.g., '200 people will be saved')?
The tendency to perceive a relationship between a particular diagnosis and a specific response on a projective test, even when no such relationship exists, is an example of what bias?
A gambler who loses five successive bets and believes a win is more likely on the sixth bet because he is 'due' to win is exhibiting which fallacy?
In the 'Linda the bank teller' problem, most people rate the statement 'Linda is a bank teller and is active in the feminist movement' as more likely than 'Linda is a bank teller'. This demonstrates which fallacy?
Deciding to invest more money into fixing a failing car simply because you have already spent a lot on previous repairs is an example of what?
Which of the following describes the decision-making strategy of 'elimination by aspects'?
What is the primary characteristic of groupthink that leads to suboptimal decision making?
According to Janis (1971), which of the following is NOT a symptom of groupthink?
What type of reasoning involves drawing a logically certain conclusion from one or more general statements?
In conditional reasoning, what is the term for the argument 'If p, then q. p. Therefore, q.'?
Which of the following is a deductively valid inference in conditional reasoning?
In the Wason Selection Task, to test the rule 'If a card has a consonant on one side, then it has an even number on the other side,' which two cards must be turned over?
What are pragmatic reasoning schemas?
In Griggs and Cox's (1982) modified Wason Selection Task involving the drinking-age rule, what percentage of participants responded correctly?
A categorical syllogism comprises which components?
What type of premise is the statement 'All cognitive psychologists are pianists'?
How does the mental models theory explain how people solve syllogisms?
What is a key factor that makes deductive reasoning problems difficult, according to the mental models view?
What is the key feature that distinguishes inductive reasoning from deductive reasoning?
The tendency for teachers' expectations to influence student performance, thereby confirming the teachers' original beliefs, is known as what?
According to dual-process theory, which system of reasoning is characterized by mental operations based on observed similarities and temporal contiguities?
Neuroscience research on the ultimatum game, where a player often rejects an unfair offer of money, suggests that which brain area is involved when people are confronted with unfairness?
Which of the following best describes the difference in brain activation between syllogistic reasoning and simply remembering a statement?
What is 'bounded rationality'?
In a study on the conjunction fallacy involving a health survey, what percentage of respondents gave higher estimates for the group of men who were both over 55 and had heart attacks, compared to the group of all men who had heart attacks?
A decision-making process where an individual considers options one by one and chooses the first that meets a minimum level of acceptability is known as:
When presented with statistics, a person refutes them with an anecdote, saying 'I know a man who...'. This reliance on anecdotal evidence is an example of what phenomenon?
A belief that a certain course of events will continue, such as a basketball player being more likely to make a shot after having just made one, is called:
What is the term for the process of reasoning from specific facts or observations to reach a probable conclusion that may explain those facts?
What type of reasoning error occurs when one reverts to a state that is further from the end goal in a well-structured problem?
The universe of all possible actions that can be applied to solving a problem, given any constraints that apply, is known as the:
Which problem-solving heuristic involves continually comparing the current state and the goal state and taking steps to minimize the differences between them?
What does it mean for two problems to be isomorphic?
The phenomenon where people believe their own behavior and judgments are more common and appropriate than those of others is known as:
In the context of conditional reasoning, what is the evolutionary perspective on how human reasoning skills developed?
What is confirmation bias in the context of deductive reasoning?
When observing a correlation between Factor A and Factor B, which of the following is NOT a possible causal relationship?
What is the term for the error of stopping a search for additional causes of a phenomenon once one suspected cause has been identified?
The take-the-best heuristic, which involves making a choice based on the single most important criterion, belongs to which class of heuristics?
What are opportunity costs in the context of decision making?
Naturalistic decision making is a field of study that focuses on how people make decisions in which type of environment?
In a logical argument, what is the term for the propositions about which the arguments are made?
What is the term for a mental model where individuals construct an internal representation of information that corresponds analogously with whatever is being represented?
According to the availability heuristic, why do most people incorrectly estimate that more words in English begin with the letter R than have R as their third letter?