What is the primary goal of an institutional review board (IRB)?
Explanation
In response to historical ethical abuses in research, institutional review boards (IRBs) were created. Their sole purpose is to review research proposals to ensure that the rights and welfare of human participants are protected throughout the study.
Other questions
What is the term for the general, or universal, understanding of the nature, causes, and treatments of abnormality that clinical researchers try to discover?
Which of the following is NOT listed in the chapter as a way that case studies can be helpful in the field of abnormal psychology?
What does a correlation coefficient of -1.00 indicate about the relationship between two variables?
In the context of epidemiological studies, what is the term for the number of new cases of a disorder that emerge during a given period of time?
In an experiment, what is the name for the variable that is manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on another variable?
To guard against the effects of participant bias, experimenters can use a strategy where participants do not know which group they are in. What is this design called?
What is the primary reason researchers use a double-blind design in their studies?
In what type of alternative experimental design does nature itself, rather than the experimenter, manipulate the independent variable?
What is the ABAB, or reversal, design an example of?
From 1953 to 1963, the CIA and Army researchers conducted Project MK-ULTRA, an unethical study in which unknowing soldiers were given repeated doses of what substance?
According to the chapter, why is research in abnormal psychology particularly important?
In a quasi-experimental study comparing abused children to non-abused children, what technique is often used to address potential confounds like differences in wealth or family size?
What is the primary limitation of all analogue research?
According to the chapter, by convention, a study's findings are said to be statistically significant if there is less than what probability that the findings are due to chance?
Which historical figure's case study of 'Little Hans' and his fear of horses was used to support the theory of psychoanalysis?
The chapter discusses a large-scale research project where scholars from several universities monitored the Facebook profiles of an entire class of students to study social relationships. According to the text, how many juniors at the East Coast college logged on to Facebook each day?
What is the primary characteristic that defines a longitudinal study?
In a study where a new medication is being tested, a sham treatment that looks like the real therapy but has no key ingredients is given to the control group. What is this imitation therapy called?
When a researcher's expectations are unintentionally transmitted to participants, potentially confounding an experiment, what is this phenomenon known as?
What is the primary difference between statistical significance and clinical significance in a treatment study?
What is the major ethical concern with placebo studies, particularly for individuals with severe disorders?
A study that measures the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population is known as what kind of study?
What is a significant drawback of correlational studies?
What is defined as 'a tentative explanation offered to provide a basis for an investigation'?
Which of the following research methods has the lowest level of external validity?
A survey mentioned in the 'PsychWatch' box on animal rights found that while 64 percent of respondents dislike animal research, what percentage said they can 'accept' it for medical purposes?
Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental challenges that clinical scientists face, as summarized in the 'Putting It Together' section?
What is a key advantage of the correlational method over the case study method?
The chapter describes the lobotomy as a historical example of a wrong belief causing great suffering. What was this surgical procedure supposed to cure?
When a researcher can accurately pinpoint that a change in one variable is caused by a change in another, the study is said to have high:
What is a key feature of the scientific method used by clinical researchers?
In a study of readability, which of the following had the HIGHEST reading difficulty score, making it the most difficult for the general population to comprehend?
In a meta-analysis of therapy outcome studies, what was the finding regarding the effectiveness of therapy?
A study found that when drug research is paid for by the company that manufactures the drug, favorable outcomes are found in 80 percent of the published studies. What percentage of favorable outcomes are found in studies NOT paid for by pharmaceutical companies?
According to the chapter, why do many animal rights activists oppose the use of animals in research?
Which of the following is an example of a research question that can only be answered by the experimental method, not the correlational method?
According to the chapter, approximately how many animals are used in research each year?
In the Willowbrook State School study, children were deliberately infected with hepatitis. What was the stated goal of this research?
What does a 'triple-blind design' involve?
What is the key limitation of a single-subject experiment, such as an ABAB design?
The research methods of clinical researchers are contrasted with the goal of clinical practitioners, which is to seek what kind of understanding?
According to the chapter, studies suggest that what percentage of patients may actually get worse as a result of therapy?
A research procedure used to determine the 'co-relationship' or degree to which events or characteristics vary with each other is called the:
When one research team examined its pool of potential 'normal' control participants, it found that 30 percent currently had a psychological disorder. What additional percentage had a history of psychological disorders?
What is the term for any characteristic or event that can vary from time to time, place to place, or person to person?
What is the primary advantage of the experimental method over the correlational method?
The people who are chosen for a study are its subjects or participants. What are the participants in a given study collectively called?
If a correlation is found between two variables, but it is actually because a third, unmeasured variable is causing both, this illustrates a major limitation of which research method?
The 'Between the Lines' box on 'Science and Scientists' states that ninety percent of all scientists who have ever lived are alive today. It also notes that more scientific papers were published in what time frame than in all the years before?