Which of the following is a key reason why face validity is considered a weak form of evidence for a measure's validity?
Explanation
Face validity relies on subjective judgment rather than empirical evidence, making it the least robust type of validity. Scientific measurement cannot rely solely on what seems plausible.
Other questions
What is the primary definition of reliability in the context of psychological measurement?
Which term describes the extent to which scores from a measure represent the variable they are intended to measure?
What is the name for the type of reliability that assesses the consistency of a measure over time?
According to the text, what is the generally accepted minimum test-retest correlation coefficient to indicate good reliability?
What does internal consistency reliability refer to?
What is the most common measure of internal consistency used by researchers in psychology?
A split-half correlation of which value is generally considered to indicate good internal consistency?
Interrater reliability is defined as the extent to which:
Which statement accurately describes the relationship between reliability and validity?
What is face validity?
Content validity is best described as the extent to which a measure:
What type of validity is concerned with the extent to which people's scores on a measure are correlated with other variables they are expected to be correlated with?
When a criterion is measured at the same time as the construct, what is this form of criterion validity called?
When a criterion is measured at some point in the future after the construct has been measured, this is known as:
What type of validity is established when a new measure of a construct is positively correlated with existing established measures of the same construct?
Discriminant validity is the extent to which scores on a measure are:
The text provides an example of discriminant validity by arguing that a new measure of self-esteem should not be highly correlated with a measure of what other construct?
In Bandura's Bobo doll study, the observers' ratings of how many acts of aggression a child committed would need to have high levels of which type of reliability?
What does a split-half correlation involve?
To illustrate that a measure can be reliable but not valid, the text uses an absurd example of measuring self-esteem by what method?
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) is used as an example of a measure that works well despite lacking what?
If a researcher defines test anxiety as involving both sympathetic nervous system activation and negative thoughts, a measure with good content validity should include items about what?
How is content validity typically assessed?
A researcher develops a new measure of physical risk-taking. According to the principle of criterion validity, scores on this measure should be correlated with which of the following?
What type of validity did Cacioppo and Petty demonstrate for their Need for Cognition Scale by showing that scores were positively correlated with scores on a standardized academic achievement test?
Cacioppo and Petty provided evidence of discriminant validity for their Need for Cognition Scale by showing that scores were not correlated with what other variable?
What statistic, analogous to Cronbach's alpha, is often used to assess interrater reliability when the judgments are categorical?
A measure of mood that produced a low test-retest correlation over a period of a month would be considered:
If a self-esteem scale has good internal consistency, what would you expect from people's responses?
Conceptually, Cronbach's alpha is the mean of what?
Assessing test-retest reliability requires using a measure on a group of people at one time, and then what is the next step?
Which of the three basic kinds of validity is usually assessed informally rather than quantitatively?
If a measure of test anxiety is negatively correlated with performance on an important school exam, this provides evidence for the measure's:
A measure is considered to have high test-retest reliability if it produces roughly the same scores for an individual when the construct is what?
Why would it no longer make sense to claim that all items on a scale are measuring the same underlying construct?
If you wanted to measure the social skills of university students by having two observers rate video recordings of their interactions, what would be essential for your measurement?
What are the three basic kinds of validity evidence discussed in the chapter, in addition to reliability?
The example of measuring attitudes toward exercise, defined as involving thoughts, feelings, and actions, illustrates the need for which type of validity?
In the text, what is the term for a variable that is expected to be correlated with the construct being measured and is used to establish criterion validity?
If a researcher finds that people's scores on a new measure of self-esteem are highly correlated with their current mood, what problem might this indicate?
How many split-half correlations are possible for a set of 10 items?
Which type of reliability is relevant for both behavioral and physiological measures, as well as self-report measures?
What does a test-retest correlation of plus .95, as seen in the example for the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, indicate?
A split-half correlation for the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was found to be plus .88. This value indicates what?
Why must researchers consider more than just reliability when evaluating a measure?
The text states that in addition to reliability, what other kinds of evidence should be taken into account when judging the validity of a measure?
According to the text, a criterion can be any variable that one has reason to think should be what?
If a new measure of test anxiety failed to correlate with an existing, established measure of test anxiety, this would be a failure of which specific type of validity?
Assessing convergent validity requires what action on the part of the researcher?