What phenomenon occurs when people think that others in their environment have information they do not have, leading them to base their judgments on the inaction of others?
Explanation
Pluralistic ignorance is a key social-psychological concept explaining inaction in groups. It's a state of collective misinterpretation, where each individual privately disagrees with a perceived norm but wrongly believes that everyone else accepts it, thus leading everyone to conform to a norm that no one actually supports.
Other questions
What is the definition of altruism as described in the chapter on helping and altruism?
According to the evolutionary principle of kinship, which person would someone be most likely to help in a life-or-death situation that involves significant effort and danger?
What is reciprocal altruism?
In the Darley and Batson (1973) 'Good Samaritan' study, what was the key factor that significantly influenced whether seminary students would help a person in distress?
In the Darley and Batson (1973) study, what percentage of seminary students offered help when they thought they had plenty of time?
Which of the following describes the social responsibility norm?
In the Batson et al. study on moral hypocrisy, what did the majority of participants believe was the most morally right way to assign tasks?
In Batson's moral hypocrisy experiment, of the 28 students who chose to flip the coin to decide the task assignment, how many actually assigned the positive task to the other person?
What does the concept of 'stereotype threat' refer to?
Which emotional state is described as an affective response where a person understands and even feels another person's distress?
In the Batson et al. study examining empathy and personal distress (the 'Elaine/Charlie' shock experiment), under which condition were participants feeling personal distress most likely to help?
What is diffusion of responsibility?
In the Latané and Darley (1968) smoke-filled room experiment, what percentage of participants working in three-person groups reported the smoke within four minutes?
In the Darley and Latané (1968) intercom study where a confederate feigned a seizure, what percentage of participants in the largest group (participant, victim, and 4 others) responded to help?
What is the term for a personality type that involves showing empathy, sympathy, and feeling it is right to follow the norm of social responsibility, leading to more helping behavior across situations?
Regarding gender differences in helping, in what types of situations are men generally more likely to help?
According to research by Shariff and Norenzayan (2007), what was an effect of activating symbols related to religion?
What type of help is described as being partial and temporary, providing information and guidance to help a person help themselves?
In a study by Ratner and Miller (2001), how did the norm of self-interest affect participants' comfort with protesting funding cuts for a disease?
According to the chapter, what is one of the most effective ways to increase helping behavior in emergency situations?
What percentage of genetic material do fraternal (dizygotic) twins share?
What is a negative consequence for a recipient of 'dependency-oriented' help?
According to the study by Dooley (1995), participants expressed a greater desire to help a person with AIDS when they believed the disease was contracted through what means?
The research by Smith et al. (2006) on altruism on television found that what percentage of TV shows had some altruism?
Which of the following is an example of a cost of helping, as demonstrated by the Darley and Batson (1973) seminary student study?
What type of people did Batson and his colleagues (1989) find were the 'true altruists' who helped even when the task was difficult or there was an easy excuse not to?
What does research suggest is the effect of a positive mood on helping?
Which negative emotion is noted as being particularly important in increasing helping behavior as a way to relieve the negative feeling?
In Latané and Darley's model of helping, what is the first step that must happen for a person to provide aid in an emergency?
What does the 'black sheep effect' describe?
Which personality dimension, characterized by a preference for simplicity and holding traditional values, relates to greater ingroup favoritism?
What is social dominance orientation (SDO)?
In the study by Garcia et al. (2002), how did imagining being in a group affect participants' willingness to help in a subsequent, unrelated task?
What is the primary reason that positive moods are thought to increase helping?
What does the research on the 'just world belief' suggest about conservatives' and liberals' attributions for poverty?
What did the meta-analysis by Hearold (1980) conclude about the effect of watching altruism on TV?
The finding that people are more likely to help attractive people of the other sex is explained by which principle of helping?
Why do European Good Samaritan laws, which require people to provide aid in emergencies, increase helping?
What is the primary reason that men and women were found to be more cooperative in games when their responses were public rather than private?
What is the key difference between the reciprocity norm and the social responsibility norm?
Why might a person who has been mimicked by an experimenter be more likely to help them later?
What is a reason people might be less likely to help in a large city compared to a small town?
The story of Kitty Genovese, where multiple witnesses reportedly failed to intervene, is a classic example used to illustrate what concept?
What does the text suggest is a primary reason that boys and men are less likely to ask for help?
In the study by Perlow and Weeks (2002) comparing software engineers in the U.S. and India, what cultural difference was found regarding helping behavior?
How can one counteract pluralistic ignorance in an emergency?
What did research by Omoto and Snyder (1995) find about the motivations of AIDS volunteers who were most likely to continue their volunteer work?
How many of the 21 religions listed on the referenced website express a variation of the golden rule?
What percentage of genetic material does a person share with their great-grandparent?