For which substances is dopamine less involved in the reinforcing effect of addiction compared to stimulants?
Explanation
This question assesses a nuanced point from the neurobiological etiology of addiction, differentiating the role of dopamine across various drug classes.
Other questions
According to the DSM, how many classes of substances are recognized as materials that can cause temporary cognitive, behavioral, or physiological symptoms?
What term describes the condition where an individual needs to continually increase the amount of a substance to achieve the same effect that was previously obtained with a smaller amount?
What is the minimum number of symptoms required for a diagnosis of substance use disorder?
Substance use disorder can be diagnosed for all ten substance classes except for which one?
What is the 'active' substance of alcohol that produces depressive symptoms by binding to GABA receptors?
Benzodiazepines such as Xanax, Ativan, and Valium produce a sedative effect by increasing the activity of which neurotransmitter?
Which drug was synthesized by the chemical company Bayer in 1898 and was initially offered in cough suppressants before being found to be more addictive than morphine?
The psychological and physiological effects of cocaine use are attributed to an increase in which set of neurotransmitters?
What is the term for the derivative of cocaine formed by combining it with water and a substance like baking soda to create a more affordable, solid, and highly addictive drug?
What is the most widely consumed substance in the world, with approximately 90 percent of Americans consuming it daily in some form?
What is the single active chemical component in cannabis that appears to determine the potent nature of the drug?
What is the estimated prevalence of substance abuse disorder among teens and adults in the United States?
Which ethnic group in the United States is identified as having the highest rate of substance abuse, at nearly 22 percent?
What percentage of college students reported abusing stimulant medications, raising a growing concern in this population?
According to the text, substance abuse disorders are often believed to be secondary to another mental health disorder, developing as a means to do what?
Twin studies have indicated what range of heritability risk for alcohol disorder?
The primary reward system of the brain that is implicated in the abuse of most substances is known as the:
According to cognitive theorists, what is the term for the idea that drug-seeking behavior is motivated by the desire to attain a particular outcome by ingesting a substance?
In the behavioral explanation of substance abuse, what type of reinforcement occurs when substance use is increased due to the removal of an unpleasant state, such as physical pain or anxiety?
What type of biological treatment for substance abuse refers to the medical supervision of withdrawal from a specified drug?
Methadone is a common example of which type of drug used in the treatment of heroin addiction?
Which antagonist drug is often given to individuals trying to abstain from alcohol because it produces significant negative effects when coupled with alcohol consumption?
What behavioral treatment for substance abuse is based on respondent conditioning principles and pairs the stimulus of the substance with a negative or aversive stimulus?
Contingency management is a treatment approach that emphasizes which psychological principle to increase sobriety?
What is the primary goal of the sociocultural treatment program Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)?
Which of the following drugs are categorized as depressants?
What is the primary danger of consuming multiple depressant drugs, such as alcohol and benzodiazepines, at the same time?
According to the 2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, approximately what percentage of individuals drank an alcoholic beverage in the past month?
Which drug was originally isolated from the opium poppy in the early 1800s by Friedrich Wilhelm Adam Serturner and named after the Greek god of dreams, Morpheus?
What is the most powerful form of the hemp plant, which contains a high concentration of THC?
What percentage of individuals who report their first drug of use was marijuana label it as a 'gateway drug' to other illicit substances?
According to the neurobiological model of etiology, alcohol and benzodiazepines lower the production of which neurotransmitter?
In the context of the behavioral etiology of substance abuse, what is it called when substance use is increased due to the positive or pleasurable experiences of the substance?
Which sociocultural factor is mentioned as a potential protective factor against substance use, potentially by promoting negative experiences with it?
Naloxone, a drug used for individuals with opioid abuse, is an extremely dangerous treatment because it can send the individual into immediate, severe withdrawal symptoms. How does it work?
Relapse prevention training is a cognitive-behavioral treatment that focuses on identifying potentially high-risk situations for relapse and then learning what?
The sociocultural treatment approach known as Community Reinforcement aims for patients to abstain from substance use by replacing the substance's positive reinforcements with what?
What are the two most common types of stimulants that are abused, as identified in the text?
In what year was the first comprehensive federal legislation governing the insanity defense, the Federal Insanity Defense Reform ACT (IDRA), passed?
Roughly what percentage of individuals with an opioid disorder are addicted to pain-reliever opioids such as oxycodone or morphine?
In which type of neighborhood is cocaine use more commonly found due to its high cost?
Merikangas and colleagues (1998) found what level of increased risk for developing a substance abuse disorder across a wide range of substances for individuals with a genetic predisposition?
What is substance withdrawal diagnosed?
Besides being manufactured in labs for prescriptions, amphetamines are often abused for what primary reasons?
What is the key difference in the effect of hallucinogens that can vary both between individuals and within the same individual over time?
According to the cognitive model, which factor is a more powerful motivator of substance abuse?
What is the primary characteristic of a residential treatment program for substance abuse?
When diagnosing substance intoxication, what is the most essential first criterion?
What is the primary mechanism through which sedatives like barbiturates and benzodiazepines have their effect?
According to the epidemiology section, men outnumber women in alcohol abuse by what ratio?