Question 17 of 50

According to Hans Selye's research on the general adaptation syndrome, which stage is characterized by the body adapting to an ongoing threat and trying to return to its normal functions, with glucose levels increasing to sustain energy?

The HPA axis is a physiological response to stress involving interactions among several glands. Which hormone, released by the pituitary gland, directs the adrenal glands to secrete more hormones like epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol?

What is the likelihood of developing a stress-related illness for an individual whose score on the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale is between 150 and 299 life-change units?

In contrast to the male fight-or-flight response, women are more likely to exhibit a tend-and-befriend response to stress. This alternative response is triggered by the release of which hormone?

What concept, defined as the ability to successfully control our emotions, was found by Walter Mischel's research to be an important key to success in life, predicting better SAT scores and social adeptness?

According to research by Muraven, Tice, and Baumeister, emotion regulation can be depleted with use. In their experiment, what task did they use to measure the physical strength and remaining resources of participants after they had engaged in emotion regulation?

What is the term for the general tendency to expect positive outcomes, which researchers have found is associated with being happier and having less stress?

Research by Levy and Myers on older adults with positive attitudes and higher self-efficacy found they had better health and lived longer. On average, how many more years did they live compared to their more negative peers?

What is the single most important variable that influences happiness, according to studies reviewed by psychologists?

Psychologists have found that people's ability to predict their future emotional states is not very accurate. What is the term for this phenomenon?

In the study of eating behavior, which part of the hypothalamus is primarily responsible for responding to cues to start eating?

What hormone, secreted by an empty stomach, is responsible for increasing food intake?

What is the term for the amount of energy a person expends while at rest, which is a key genetic determinant of body weight?

Which eating disorder is characterized by an extremely low body weight, a distorted body image, and an obsessive fear of gaining weight?

In the sexual response cycle described by Masters and Johnson, what stage immediately precedes orgasm and is characterized by increased breathing, pulse, and blood pressure?

What is the term for the direction of our sexual desire, which can be toward people of the opposite sex, the same sex, or both sexes?

Research on the origins of sexual orientation, such as twin studies, suggests that it is primarily driven by what factors?

The most fundamental emotions, such as anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise, are known by what term?

The experience of secondary emotions, which are more complex than basic emotions, is determined by two main factors: the level of arousal and what other factor?

Which brain structure acts as the major gatekeeper in the processing of emotions, directing sensory information along either a fast pathway to the limbic system or a slow pathway to the frontal lobes?

Which theory of emotion proposes that the experience of an emotion is accompanied by physiological arousal, meaning that as we become aware of danger, our heart rate increases simultaneously?

The two-factor theory of emotion, proposed by Schachter and Singer, asserts that the experience of emotion is determined by two necessary components. What are these two factors?

What is the principle of excitation transfer?

The facial feedback hypothesis proposes that:

What is the term for a medical syndrome that includes symptoms of anxiety, sleeplessness, nightmares, and social withdrawal, and may result from experiencing extreme negative events like a terrorist attack or natural disaster?

In the general adaptation syndrome, what physiological changes are characteristic of the 'exhaustion' stage?

What is the term for the everyday interactions with the environment that are essentially negative, such as misplacing keys or being cut off in traffic, which can create stress and lead to poorer health outcomes?

Research on managing stress has found that suppressing negative thoughts and feelings is generally not a good approach. What alternative strategy is described as providing substantial mental and physical health benefits?

What coping skill, characterized as an individual difference measure related to optimism and self-efficacy, describes the tendency to be less affected by life's stressors and to take direct action to understand and learn from negative events?

Research indicates that after a minimum level of wealth is reached, more money does not generally lead to more happiness. This is illustrated by data from France, Japan, and the United States between 1946 and 1990, which showed what trend?

People often overestimate their emotional reactions to future events. What is one of the reasons provided in the text for why this happens?

Which hormone, secreted by the pancreas, regulates the levels of glucose in the bloodstream?

What is defined as a medical condition in which so much excess body fat has accumulated in the body that it begins to have an adverse impact on health?

A person is defined as overweight when their Body Mass Index (BMI) is greater than what value?

According to the text, what is the most important aspect of human experience, without which none of us would be here?

In Masters and Johnson's four-stage model of the sexual response cycle, what is the third stage, which involves muscular contractions throughout the body?

Which sex hormone is described as being essential for maintaining sexual desire and sustaining an erection in men, and also as important in the female sex cycle?

In Schachter and Singer's (1962) experiment on the two-factor theory of emotion, participants were injected with epinephrine. Which group of participants was more likely to experience euphoria or anger based on the confederate's behavior?

What is stress, as defined in the chapter?

Chronic, long-term stress has a direct negative influence on our physical health because it increases activity in the sympathetic division of the ANS while also suppressing activity in what other part of the nervous system?

In a study on mortality salience by McGregor et al., participants who were provoked and reminded of their own death acted more aggressively toward a person with opposing political views. How was aggression measured in this experiment?

What is the term for the biological sexual response in humans, which Masters and Johnson found was very similar in men and women and consisted of four stages?

What is the primary evolutionary explanation provided for why men, on average, are more willing to have casual sex than women and have lower standards for sex partners?

According to the summary, affect is guided by arousal. What is arousal defined as?

In the experiment testing the facial feedback hypothesis, participants who held a pen in their teeth, mimicking a smile, rated cartoons as more amusing than those who held it between their lips, mimicking a frown. This result suggests what?

According to the text, a homeostatic balance in eating is maintained by the interaction of various systems. Which hormone is secreted by fat cells to monitor energy levels?

What is the term for the eating disorder that begins after a dieter has broken a diet and gorged, and involves repeated episodes of overeating followed by purging?

When researchers rigged clocks to move faster, people got hungrier and ate more. This finding suggests that eating behavior is influenced by what type of factors?

What is the term for nonverbal communication that relates to the rules about the appropriate use of personal space?