What does the term 'facework' refer to in Ting-Toomey's theory?
Explanation
While 'face' is the public image one wants to protect, 'facework' is the set of communicative actions—both verbal and nonverbal—that a person uses to build, maintain, protect, or restore that face during an interaction.
Other questions
According to Stella Ting-Toomey's face-negotiation theory, what is the definition of "face"?
What is the underlying assumption of Ting-Toomey's face-negotiation theory that links culture, face concern, and conflict style?
Based on Harry Triandis's work, what is a key characteristic of collectivistic cultures?
Approximately what fraction of the world's population is born into collectivistic cultures?
In face-negotiation theory, what does 'other-face' concern primarily focus on?
Which of the five initial conflict styles identified by Ting-Toomey is described as competing to win when people's interests conflict?
What unexpected finding in the initial five-culture study prompted Ting-Toomey and her colleagues to refine the face-negotiation theory?
In the refined version of face-negotiation theory, how is 'self-construal' defined?
In the refined theory, which of the following is identified as a specific facework strategy under the primary conflict style of 'Dominance'?
What three requirements does Ting-Toomey identify for undertaking competent intercultural facework?
What is identified in the chapter as a methodological shortcoming of the research that validates face-negotiation theory?
According to the basic predictions of the revised face-negotiation theory, a primary concern with 'self-face' will lead to which conflict style?
The facework strategy of seeking help from an outside party to resolve a conflict falls under which of the three primary conflict style clusters?
What is the term for the other-concerned facework strategy used to defend and support another person’s need for inclusion?
In Rahim's model of five conflict styles, what parenthetical term is often used for the 'obliging' style?
Within the context of competent intercultural facework, what does 'mindfulness' entail?
In the revised schematic of face-negotiation theory, what concept mediates the relationship between 'Type of Culture' and 'Face Concern'?
In the four-nation study of the revised theory, what was the dominance tactic of 'aggression' NOT linked with?
Based on the work of M. Afzalur Rahim, how many distinct responses to situations where there is an incompatibility of needs, interests, or goals did Ting-Toomey initially identify?
Which country is repeatedly cited throughout the chapter as a classic example of an individualistic culture?
What type of identity, foreign to the typical American, is characteristic of Japanese culture and focuses on the group?
Ting-Toomey considers face to be a universal concern because it is an extension of what fundamental concept?
The facework strategy of face-restoration, which aims to preserve autonomy and defend against loss of personal freedom, is typical in which type of culture?
How is the 'compromising' conflict style described in the chapter?
According to the refined theory, the 'independent self' is closely aligned with which type of culture?
Which of the following facework strategies is NOT clustered under the primary conflict style of 'Integration'?
What potential 'measurement glitch' was noted in the four-nation study regarding the concept of mutual-face?
As a requirement for competent intercultural facework, what does 'interaction skill' refer to?
Ting-Toomey and Oetzel have primarily used extensive quantitative survey research to craft face-negotiation theory, making it what type of theory?