Which of the following activities is generally exempt from antitrust laws?
Explanation
While antitrust laws are broad, Congress and the courts have created several specific exemptions for certain industries and activities, recognizing that in some contexts, competition might not be the primary policy goal. Labor union activities are a primary example of a statutory exemption.
Other questions
What is the primary function of Section 1 of the Sherman Antitrust Act?
What key difference distinguishes a violation of Section 1 from a violation of Section 2 of the Sherman Act?
Under Section 1 of the Sherman Act, what is the defining characteristic of a per se violation?
When courts apply the 'rule of reason' to an alleged violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act, what is a key factor they consider?
What is defined as a horizontal restraint of trade?
What is the legal status of an agreement among competitors to fix prices under Section 1 of the Sherman Act?
In the landmark case United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., what action by major refining companies was found to be a per se violation of the Sherman Act?
What must a plaintiff demonstrate to prove that a group boycott is a violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act?
What is the legal status of an agreement between competing manufacturers to divide up territories or customers?
Under what standard are the joint activities of a trade association, such as setting regulatory standards or exchanging information, generally judged?
Which of the following best defines a vertical restraint of trade?
In the case of Continental T.V., Inc. v. GTE Sylvania, Inc., how did the Supreme Court rule on Sylvania's vertically restrictive franchise system that limited the locations from which retailers could sell its products?
According to the Supreme Court's decision in Leegin Creative Leather Products, Inc. v. PSKS, Inc., what legal standard is applied to minimum resale price maintenance agreements?
What are the two essential elements required to establish monopolization under Section 2 of the Sherman Act?
What is predatory pricing?
How can a plaintiff indirectly prove that a firm has monopoly power?
What does a 'relevant product market' include for the purposes of a monopolization case?
In the case involving Clear Channel Communications, why did the court rule that the relevant geographic market for live rock concert tickets was local rather than national?
What is required to satisfy the 'intent requirement' for a monopolization offense under Section 2 of the Sherman Act?
Under what circumstances may a single firm's unilateral refusal to deal with another firm violate Section 2 of the Sherman Act?
What must be demonstrated for a court to find a firm guilty of 'attempted monopolization' under Section 2 of the Sherman Act?
Section 2 of the Clayton Act, which prohibits price discrimination, was strengthened by which subsequent piece of legislation?
To establish a violation of Section 2 of the Clayton Act (price discrimination), which of the following elements must be present?
Which of the following is a valid statutory defense for a seller accused of price discrimination under the Clayton Act?
Under Section 3 of the Clayton Act, what is an exclusive-dealing contract?
What is a tying arrangement under antitrust law?
In the case Illinois Tool Works, Inc. v. Independent Ink, Inc., what did the Supreme Court rule regarding tying arrangements that involve patented products?
What is the primary purpose of Section 7 of the Clayton Act?
Which of the following describes a horizontal merger?
When does a vertical merger occur?
Section 8 of the Clayton Act prohibits interlocking directorates under what condition?
In 2007, what was the minimum threshold of capital, surplus, or undivided profits for a corporation to be subject to the Clayton Act's prohibition on interlocking directorates?
What was the competitive sales threshold in 2007 for the prohibition of interlocking directorates under Section 8 of the Clayton Act?
Which federal agency or agencies have the authority to enforce the Clayton Act through civil proceedings?
If a private plaintiff successfully sues for an antitrust violation under the Sherman Act or the Clayton Act, what amount of damages can they typically recover?
What is the Noerr-Pennington doctrine?
For U.S. courts to exercise jurisdiction and apply U.S. antitrust laws to actions occurring outside the United States, what must be shown?
What is 'dumping' in the context of international trade?
Which two U.S. government agencies are involved in the procedure for imposing antidumping duties?
What does Section 1 of the Sherman Act declare to be illegal?
What specific conduct is prohibited by Section 2 of the Sherman Act?
In the 1918 case Chicago Board of Trade v. United States, how did Justice Louis Brandeis define the 'true test of legality' for a trade restraint?
In the case In re Cardizem CD Antitrust Litigation, why was an agreement where one pharmaceutical company paid another company not to market a generic drug held to be a per se violation of the Sherman Act?
In a monopolization case, what are the two components that make up the 'relevant market'?
According to a 2007 Supreme Court ruling, what must a plaintiff prove to succeed in a predatory pricing or predatory bidding claim?
What is the status of a violation of either Section 1 or Section 2 of the Sherman Act?
The Export Trading Company Act of 1982 broadened which earlier act by permitting the Department of Justice to certify qualified export trading companies?
The Curt Flood Act of 1998 modified the antitrust exemption for professional baseball, allowing players to sue team owners for which of the following practices?
If a domestic firm joins a foreign cartel that has a substantial effect on U.S. commerce, what is the likely legal outcome?