Sampling and Data

According to the text, what is the definition of statistics?

What is the key difference between descriptive statistics and inferential statistics?

In a study aiming to find the average amount of money first-year college students at ABC College spend on school supplies, what constitutes the 'population'?

A study wants to know the average cumulative GPA of students who graduated from a local college last year. The average GPA of a randomly selected group of these graduates is calculated. What term best describes this calculated average?

Which of the following is an example of a categorical variable?

What type of data results from counting or measuring attributes of a population and is always represented by numbers?

The number of phone calls you receive each day is an example of what specific type of data?

Which sampling method involves selecting a starting point randomly and then choosing every nth individual from a list of the population?

A computer software store conducting a marketing study by interviewing potential customers who happen to be in the store is an example of which sampling method?

What level of measurement is used for data that can be ordered, but the differences between the data points cannot be meaningfully measured?

Final exam scores of 80, 68, 20, and 92 are an example of which level of measurement, given that a score of 0 is possible and ratios can be calculated?

In a survey of 20 students, five students work three hours per day. What is the relative frequency of students working three hours per day?

When a researcher manipulates values of one variable to measure the resulting changes in another, what is the variable being manipulated called?

What is the purpose of using a placebo in a randomized experiment?

In a study where neither the subjects nor the researchers involved with the subjects know who is receiving the active treatment, what is the experiment called?

According to the text, a relationship between two variables where one does not necessarily cause the other to occur is known as:

What type of graph displays categories of data as wedges in a circle, proportional in size to the percent of individuals in each category?

In the study of San Jose State undergraduate tuition, a sample of 100 students is taken by organizing students by classification (first-year, sophomore, etc.) and then selecting 25 from each classification. What sampling method is this?

What is meant by the term 'variability in samples'?

From Table 1.7 on page 35, what is the frequency of students who worked for 2 hours?

Using the data from Table 1.10 on page 37, what is the cumulative relative frequency for heights up to 67.95 inches?

An experiment's result is called an outcome. What is the term for the set of all possible outcomes?

If a sample is collected from a population in such a way that some members are not as likely to be chosen as others, what has occurred?

What type of variable is 'hair color'?

The weight of a dog at an animal shelter is what type of data?

In a study on the safety of electric automobiles, the National Transportation Safety Board crashes cars with dummies in the front seats. If the population is all cars containing dummies in the front seat, what is the sample?

In a study of medical malpractice lawsuits, a company selects 500 doctors at random from a professional directory. The variable is 'whether an individual doctor has been involved in a malpractice suit.' What are the data in this study?

Why can a pie chart NOT be used if the percentages of categories in a study add up to more than 100 percent?

In the study on De Anza College student ethnicity (Table 1.5), the 'Other/Unknown' category was initially omitted. Why is it important to include this category when analyzing the data?

When is sampling without replacement approximately the same as sampling with replacement?

Which of the following is NOT listed as a common problem to be aware of when critically evaluating statistical studies?

From Table 1.11, the annual rainfall in a sample of towns, what percentage of towns had rainfall less than 9.01 inches?

In Example 1.17 about commuting distances, the table is noted as incorrect because the frequency column sums to 18 instead of 19. What data value was left out from the original list?

What is the primary purpose of an experiment, as described in Section 1.4?

A study is conducted on the effectiveness of vitamin E. Researchers recruit subjects and ask if they regularly take vitamin E, then compare their health to those who do not. Why does this study NOT prove that vitamin E is effective?

What is the term for a single object or individual to be measured in an experiment?

What is the primary benefit of using random assignment in an experiment?

Based on the text, what is the key characteristic of a ratio scale of measurement that is absent in an interval scale?

In a survey of athletes, 'the average height of athletes in the university' is an example of what?

According to the note on page 18, the technical term for 'mean' is what?

If a sample may not be large enough to be reliable, what kind of issue is this?

From Table 1.14 on page 42, what is the frequency of deaths measured from Year 7 through Year 11?

The number of pairs of shoes you own is what type of data?

A pie chart shows the classification of students as first-year, sophomores, juniors, or seniors. What type of data does this graph show?

What type of graph is best suited to compare the relative size of categories when the percentages add up to more than 100 percent because items can be in more than one category?

In a study of 40 students with 22 men and 18 women, what is the proportion of women students?

In a study done to determine the age of resident use of a local park, the first house in the neighborhood was selected randomly, and then every 8th house was interviewed. What sampling method was used?

The number of tickets sold to a concert is what type of data?

The brand of toothpaste a person uses is what type of data?

A teacher wants to know if students are doing homework, so they randomly select rows two and five and then call on all students in those rows to present solutions. What sampling method is this?