In the sequential bargaining game shown in Figure 10-4 (page 382), referenced in Chapter 13, why is the union's threat to reject an offer of $1 not credible?

Correct answer: Because rejecting the offer would give the union a payoff of $0, which is worse than the $1 it would get by accepting.

Explanation

In sequential games, the concept of subgame perfect equilibrium is used to rule out equilibria that are based on incredible threats. A threat is not credible if a player would not find it in their best interest to carry it out if that point in the game were actually reached.

Other questions

Question 1

What is the primary objective of a limit pricing strategy as described in Chapter 13?

Question 2

According to the 'Limit Pricing May Fail to Deter Entry' section, why is a simple threat to maintain a high post-entry output often not credible?

Question 3

In the extensive-form game depicted in Figure 13-3, 'The Value of Commitment', what is the incumbent's payoff in the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium?

Question 4

What is the primary distinction between predatory pricing and limit pricing?

Question 5

In Demonstration Problem 13-1, what is the present value of Baker Enterprises' earnings if it does NOT engage in limit pricing?

Question 6

What is vertical foreclosure?

Question 7

In the simultaneous-move production game shown in Table 13-1, what is the Nash equilibrium outcome?

Question 8

How does the outcome of the sequential-move game in Figure 13-6 demonstrate a first-mover advantage?

Question 9

What is the key characteristic of a two-way network that leads to direct network externalities?

Question 10

In the network game shown in Table 13-2, why are the users experiencing 'consumer lock-in'?

Question 11

Based on the Headline scenario on page 473 and the payoff data on page 474, what is Barkley's profit if it chooses to target 'Households' and Sharpe chooses to target 'Professionals'?

Question 12

In Demonstration Problem 13-2, what is the present value of Baker Enterprises' earnings if it DOES engage in predatory pricing?

Question 13

According to the text, which of these is an example of a firm raising its rival's fixed costs?

Question 14

What is a 'second-mover advantage'?

Question 15

In a star network with 10 users, how many potential connection services are there?

Question 16

What is the defining characteristic of a one-way network?

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a necessary condition for limit pricing to be an effective strategy to deter a rational entrant?

Question 18

What is the 'price-cost squeeze' strategy?

Question 19

According to the analysis of the network game with penetration pricing in Table 13-3, what is the dominant strategy for each user?

Question 20

In the 'Answering the Headline' section, what is Roger Planter's plan for Barkley Enterprises?

Question 21

What are 'learning curve effects' in the context of business strategy?

Question 22

What is the key difference between a direct network externality and an indirect network externality?

Question 23

According to Inside Business 13-2, why did U.S. Steel opt against limit pricing in the early 20th century?

Question 24

Why is price discrimination a useful strategic tool for a firm engaging in predatory pricing?

Question 25

In Demonstration Problem 13-3, which game has a first-mover advantage?

Question 26

What is the maximum amount you should be willing to pay to move first in the game where the player announcing the smaller positive integer gets a payoff of $20 and the other gets $2?

Question 27

According to the dynamic analysis on page 481, under what condition is limit pricing a profitable strategy for an incumbent?

Question 28

What is the key difference between a one-way network and a two-way network in terms of network effects?

Question 29

According to Figure 13-5, what is the incumbent's profit if it supports the $90 license fee?

Question 30

What is consumer lock-in in the context of network industries?

Question 31

In Demonstration Problem 13-4, what is the total revenue a firm can expect from a network of 100 users, assuming it can get all of them to subscribe?

Question 32

What is the primary trade-off involved in predatory pricing?

Question 33

According to the dynamic analysis of limit pricing, when is the strategy most attractive?

Question 34

In the sequential-move production game shown in Figure 13-6, what is firm B's equilibrium profit?

Question 35

What is the primary reason that a penetration pricing strategy can help an entrant overcome network externalities?

Question 36

What type of network is characterized by nodes, a central hub, and two-way connections like C1HC2?

Question 37

If a firm engages in predatory pricing and prices below its marginal cost, what is the expected outcome for the predator firm in the short run?

Question 38

In the game shown in Figure 13-9, what are Barkley's profits if it moves first and announces it will target 'Households'?

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT listed as a crucial thing for a first-mover advantage to be effective?

Question 40

What type of business strategy is exemplified by a software company making its basic document reader available for free while charging for the software that creates the documents?

Question 41

According to the 'Dynamic Considerations' formula for limit pricing on page 482, what is the up-front cost of limit pricing?

Question 42

If a network has 5 users, and one new user joins, how many additional potential connection services are created?

Question 43

What condition must be met for a firm's reputation for being 'tough' on entrants to effectively deter future entry?

Question 44

In the entry game in Figure 13-2, if the incumbent limit prices by producing QL, what is the entrant's profit if it decides to enter and produce Q units?

Question 45

Which business strategy involves a firm distorting a rival's decision-making incentives by increasing the rival's production costs?

Question 47

What is the primary risk for a predator firm engaging in predatory pricing against a similarly situated rival?

Question 48

In the Barkley and Sharpe headline game (page 474), if the game were simultaneous, what would be Barkley's profit in the Nash Equilibrium?

Question 49

What type of business strategy is exemplified by Dell's pioneering of the direct-sales model for computers, as described in Inside Business 13-3?

Question 50

A two-way network links 20 users. According to the formula on page 495, how many total potential connection services does this network provide?