When people come to believe that the events and outcomes in their lives are mostly uncontrollable, they are said to have developed what condition?
Explanation
This question tests the definition of 'learned helplessness,' a critical concept in motivation that explains why some individuals give up and appear unmotivated.
Other questions
Which of the following best defines motivation as an internal state?
What is the term for a complete lack of any intent to act, resulting in no engagement at all?
In the context of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, what does the concept 'locus of causality' refer to?
Which motivational approach emphasizes intrinsic sources such as a person's needs for self-actualization, an inborn actualizing tendency, or self-determination?
What are the two main forces that determine motivation in expectancy x value theories?
In sociocultural views of motivation, what is meant by 'legitimate peripheral participation'?
According to Abraham Maslow's theory, which category of needs must be met before higher-level needs can be addressed?
What is the key difference between deficiency needs and being needs in Maslow's hierarchy?
Self-determination theory suggests that all people have a need to feel competent, to have a sense of control over their lives, and to what else?
According to cognitive evaluation theory, what are the two aspects that all events have which can influence intrinsic motivation?
Locke and Latham (2002) identified four main reasons why goal setting improves performance. Which of the following is NOT one of those reasons?
What is the primary point of a mastery goal orientation in an academic setting?
A student who fears misunderstanding the material and is focused on getting every detail exactly right is likely demonstrating which type of goal orientation?
What type of learner, as described by John Nicholls, feels successful when they do not have to try hard and the work is easy?
Which belief about ability assumes that ability is a stable, uncontrollable trait that cannot be changed?
Around what age do children typically begin to differentiate among effort, ability, and performance, potentially influencing their motivation?
According to Bernard Weiner's attribution theory, what are the three dimensions used to characterize the causes of success or failure?
In Weiner's attribution theory, which dimension is most closely related to a student's expectations about the future?
According to Covington's theory of self-worth, which type of student values achievement, sees ability as improvable, and is not fearful of failure?
What are strategies such as making feeble efforts, setting very low goals, or procrastinating called when they are used to protect self-worth from the threat of failure?
Ann Renninger and Suzanne Hidi describe a four-phase model of interest development. Which sequence correctly represents these four phases?
What did research by Harp and Mayer on 'seductive details' in texts indicate?
What is the term for the mental state of being fully immersed in a challenging task, accompanied by high levels of concentration and involvement?
According to research by Reinhard Pekrun, which goal orientation is a strong predictor of enjoyment in learning, hope, and pride, and a decrease in boredom and anger?
Anxiety is described as having both cognitive and affective components. What does the cognitive side of anxiety typically include?
What does the 'T' in the TARGET model for influencing student motivation stand for?
Which component of task value, described by Eccles and Wigfield, refers to the enjoyment a person gets from the activity itself?
What is the term for a task that has some connection to the real-life problems and situations that students will face outside the classroom?
The alternative to giving students too much unstructured choice is 'bounded choice.' What does this strategy involve?
What type of goal structure exists when students believe they will reach their goal if and only if other students do NOT reach the goal?
What is defined as 'a student tendency to find academic activities meaningful and worthwhile and to try to derive the intended academic benefits from them'?
To encourage motivation, four basic conditions must be met in the classroom. Which of the following is NOT one of these conditions?
A teacher who explains to students how learning a particular skill will be needed for more advanced classes is leveraging which type of task value?
What is the primary characteristic of a behavioral approach to motivation?
In the continuum of extrinsic motivation from most extrinsic to most internal, which type involves engaging in a task to avoid guilt or negative self-perceptions?
What did a study by Ralph Ferretti and his colleagues on writing persuasive essays find regarding goal setting?
What is the primary danger of a classroom goal structure that is highly competitive?
A student's epistemological beliefs about the 'structure of knowledge' concern which of the following questions?
What did Sandra Graham's research on teachers' reactions to student failure indicate?
Learned helplessness is associated with three types of deficits. Which of the following is NOT one of those deficits?
A student who is very defensive about poor study methods and attributes learning difficulties to an inherent lack of ability is most similar to which student profile from the beginning of the chapter?
The Yerkes-Dodson law suggests an optimal level of arousal for task performance. What kind of task is generally helped by higher levels of arousal?
What are the two components that make up the additive model of anxiety, which is used to accurately account for its impact on learning?
When helping anxious students cope, planning a study schedule or finding a quiet place to study are examples of which type of strategy?
In the TARGET model, what does the 'R' represent?
According to the summary of optimum characteristics for motivation to learn in Table 12.5, which view of ability is most beneficial?
What type of goal structure is exemplified by a team relay race, where each player wins only if all team members succeed?
According to the chapter, a greater emphasis on competitive evaluation and grading encourages students to focus on which type of goals?
Which of the five basic questions about motivation, listed at the start of the chapter, is concerned with a student's thoughts and feelings while engaged in an activity?