In the case Commonwealth v. LaFrance, a probation condition was invalidated because it allowed for a search of the probationer based on what standard?
Explanation
This question examines a specific case regarding Fourth Amendment rights and probation, highlighting the requirement for reasonable suspicion for a search.
Other questions
Which of the following is described as a creative sentence intended to shame or humiliate an offender, as an alternative to incarceration?
According to the text, for shame to be an effective part of the restorative justice movement, from where must it originate?
What is the primary role of a community service coordinator as described in the chapter?
The authority to grant probation is said to have grown out of what traditional practice by judges?
In the late 1800s, what new procedure combined a suspended sentence with careful supervision for more serious offenses?
What is the primary purpose of probation as stated in the text?
How does the text distinguish parole from probation?
According to the ruling in Burnes v. United States (1932), probation conditions must serve what purpose?
The Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals, in Higdon v. United States, identified which two factors for a trial judge to consider when granting probation?
What is the second step in the two-step process for reviewing probation conditions described in the text?
Under California's standard for testing the reasonableness of probation conditions, a condition is considered invalid if it relates to conduct that is what?
In People v. Dominguez, the court struck down a probation condition that the probationer not become pregnant without being married because it was what?
Which of the following is an example of a probation condition that courts have invalidated, according to the text?
What is the term for a sentence where a judge requires an offender to serve a short period of jail as a condition of probation?
The use of parole is described as dwindling because most states now use what type of sentencing?
In the context of the Charles Manson case example, how many times had he applied for parole by the year 2012?
Parole may be granted by what entity after a prisoner has served their minimum sentence?
What is the term for sentences where an offender is not eligible for parole?
Post-prison supervision stems from which type of sentencing scheme that states began adopting in the 1980s?
Unlike parole, how is an offender's release to post-prison supervision determined?
If an offender violates conditions during post-prison supervision, what due process protection are they entitled to at their revocation hearing?
What is the described effect of imposed shame on offenders, according to the text?
In the historical practice of 'suspending sentences,' what happened if an offender's subsequent behavior was satisfactory?
The court's decision in Biller v. State invalidated a probation condition requiring the offender to refrain from alcohol because of what reason?
In states with indeterminate sentencing, parole is described as what?
What is the primary information a prisoner will be informed of from their parole file during a hearing?
In about half of the states, what form of assistance may a prisoner have during a parole hearing?
What reason do the remaining states give for prohibiting attorney representation at parole hearings?
What is described as a 'general condition of probation' in the text?
What is the primary criticism of the binary view of shame (shame or no shame) held by some legal scholars and judges?
Parolees are often released to what type of programs at the beginning of their parole to prepare for return into the community?
According to the California standard, a probation condition is invalid if it forbids conduct that is not reasonably related to what?
What happens if a prisoner is not released on parole after their hearing?
What is the primary difference in how release is initiated between parole and post-prison supervision?
The case of State v. Oakley upheld a probation condition that prohibited the probationer from what?
A key reason that early suspended sentences lacked formal supervision was that judges tended to use them only in what type of cases?
According to the text, offenders who violate the terms of their supervision under both probation and parole can be what?
In the case of Inman v. State, requiring a defendant to maintain a short haircut was found to be an unconstitutional invasion of what right?
What entity is responsible for monitoring whether an offender is abiding by the conditions of release during post-prison supervision?
What is the primary characteristic of parole hearings, as described in the text?
Which of the following would NOT be a community-based sentence as defined in chapter 3.11?
What is the stated purpose of community shaming sentences?
The first step in the two-step process for reviewing probation conditions is to determine what?
What entity appoints special probation officers, according to the text's description of the development of probation?
How is the length of time a person will be on post-prison supervision generally determined?
What is the primary function of a parole board?
Why were offenders who received early suspended sentences not subject to formal supervision?
What is the title of the sanction that involves an offender being first incarcerated and later released from prison to supervised control?
What action could cause a judge in the historical system of suspended sentences to revoke an offender's freedom and execute the sentence?