In enzyme kinetics, what is Km?
Explanation
This question tests the definition of the Michaelis constant (Km), a fundamental parameter in enzyme kinetics that reflects substrate binding affinity.
Other questions
What four elements make up 96.5 percent of an organism's weight?
What is the approximate strength of a typical covalent bond in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mole), making it resistant to being pulled apart by thermal motions inside a cell?
What are the two opposing streams of chemical reactions that together constitute the metabolism of the cell?
According to the second law of thermodynamics, a chemical reaction can proceed spontaneously only if it results in a net increase in the disorder of the universe. How is this disorder measured?
For every 5.94 kJ/mole difference in standard free energy (delta G degree) at 37 degrees Celsius, the equilibrium constant (K) changes by what factor?
What is the primary function of activated carrier molecules such as ATP, NADH, and NADPH in the cell?
What is the net energetic yield from the breakdown of one molecule of glucose during glycolysis?
In the stepwise oxidation of sugar, what is the role of enzymes?
The major process for oxidizing sugars, known as glycolysis, occurs in which part of the cell?
What happens to the pyruvate and NADH produced during glycolysis in anaerobic conditions, such as in fermenting yeast?
What is the primary short-term storage form of glucose in animal cells?
Each turn of the fatty acid oxidation cycle shortens the fatty acyl CoA molecule by two carbons and generates which set of energy-rich molecules?
What are the major end products of the citric acid cycle?
What is the process called where the energy released by the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 down a chain of molecules is used to generate ATP?
In the relationship between the standard free-energy change (delta G degree) and the equilibrium constant K, what is the value of delta G degree (in kJ/mole) when K is equal to 1?
What is the term for substances that release protons when they dissolve in water, thereby forming hydronium ions (H3O+)?
What type of chemical reaction is used to form polymers from monomers, a process in which one molecule of water is lost with each subunit added?
What is the term for the amount of energy that must be supplied to break a bond, typically expressed in kilojoules per mole (kJ/mole)?
What is the pH of pure water, which is considered neutral?
The four major families of small organic molecules in cells are the sugars, the fatty acids, the nucleotides, and which other family?
What is the name for the process that uses O2 to form CO2 from carbon atoms that had been converted into sugars by photosynthesis, releasing chemical-bond energy for organisms to survive?
In a chemical reaction, what does the term oxidation refer to?
What is the name for the energy that must be overcome for a chemical reaction to occur, which enzymes are particularly effective at lowering?
How does an enzyme accelerate a chemical reaction?
What activated carrier molecule is specialized to carry electrons and hydrogen atoms, has an extra phosphate group, and primarily operates in anabolic reactions?
What is the total free-energy change made available when the hydrolysis of ATP is altered to produce AMP and pyrophosphate, which is then itself hydrolyzed?
Which two intermediates from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle serve as precursors for the production of essential molecules like the amino acids aspartate and glutamate?
Why must vertebrates obtain essential amino acids from their diet?
What is the function of the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
In the energetic coupling shown in glycolysis steps 6 and 7, the oxidation of an aldehyde group on glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to a carboxylic acid group releases enough energy to generate which products?
Which activated carrier molecule is generated during both the citric acid cycle and fatty acid oxidation, and carries two high-energy electrons and two protons?
What is the primary reason that animals store the majority of their energy as fat (triacylglycerols) rather than as glycogen?
In the citric acid cycle, the acetyl group from acetyl CoA is transferred to which four-carbon molecule to begin the cycle by forming the six-carbon molecule, citric acid?
One full turn of the citric acid cycle produces how many molecules of NADH?
Which of the following describes a hydrogenation reaction?
What is the typical concentration of H3O+ in pure water?
What is the primary role of the hydrophobic force in cells?
Approximately how many different kinds of small organic molecules have been detected in the bacterium Escherichia coli?
What percentage of a bacterial cell's weight is composed of protein?
Photosynthesis and respiration are complementary processes. Which set of molecules represents the inputs for photosynthesis and the outputs for respiration?
An average adult human stores enough fat to last for nearly a month, but only enough glycogen to last for how long?
The complete oxidative breakdown of glucose to CO2 and H2O releases a total of how much free energy per mole?
What is the key difference between the electron carriers NADH and NADPH that allows them to be used in different sets of reactions?
The standard free-energy change (delta G degree) for the hydrolysis of the phosphate bond in phosphoenolpyruvate is approximately -61.9 kJ/mole. This value is significantly more negative than the -30.6 kJ/mole for ATP hydrolysis. What does this imply?
What are the four types of noncovalent attractions that help bring molecules together in cells?
What type of molecules are formed by stringing together amino acids?
What is the name for the process in which plants and other organisms capture energy from sunlight to synthesize organic molecules from CO2 and H2O?
Which of the nine essential amino acids for humans is listed in Figure 2-61?
What is the role of buffers in a cell?